Fractional Order Chaotic Model Based Enhanced Equilibrium Optimization Algorithm for Controller Design of 3 DOF Hover Flight System

In this study, the K feedback gain vector parameters that are used for the control of three degree of freedom four rotor quadcopter system (3 DOF Hover) are optimized with the Enhanced Equilibrium Optimization Algorithm (E2O). The E2O algorithm is proposed with using parameters obtained from fractional order chaotic oscillator models instead of random variables. The Basic EO algorithm is inspired by volume-mass balance. In EO algorithm, each particle is called a motion that searches a parameter vector space. However, random coefficients derived from uniform distribution are used in the parameters updating process or in the generation of the initial population. The E2O algorithm was proposed by using vectors obtained from fractional order chaotic oscillators instead of stochastic coefficients in the basic Equilibrium optimization algorithm. Genesio Tesi, Rössler, Lotka Volterra fractional-order chaotic oscillator models were used in the E2O algorithm to optimize K feedback gain vector of 3 DOF Hover. The order and initial conditions the fractional chaotic oscillator models were experimentally adjusted for the control of 3 DOF problem. Thus, suitable fractional-order chaotic models for the problem were obtained. The E2O algorithm results are compared with the Stochastic Multi Parameter Optimization (SMDO) and Discreet Stochastic Optimization (DSO) algorithms for the system’s pitch, roll and yaw angles.

Matching with Transfers: Basic Notions

This chapter describes the basic notions of matching with transfers. It first introduces the notations that will be used throughout the book, including two compact, separable metric spaces: the space of female characteristics and the space of male characteristics. In particular, it outlines a framework that is common to all (bipartite, one-to-one) matching models. It then considers how a matching problem is defined in the nontransferable utility, transferable utility, and imperfectly transferable utility cases. It also explains how the solution is defined in all three cases, noting that there are differences in the definition of an equilibrium. In all cases, the basic equilibrium concept is stability.

Research on the Optimal Safety Level and the Related Mechanism of the Manufacturer Based on the Economics Equilibrium Analysis

Safety management is the basic prerequisite for the normal operation of production, it is the necessary factor to prevent the occurrence of safety accidents and guarantee the worker's mental and physical health as well as production property against losses. By using the basic equilibrium thought of Western Economics, this paper analysis the manufacturer optimal equilibrium safety level and optimal measure, and interpretation of seeking the rationality of the manufacturer's optimal safety level balance. By the market mechanism of Coase theorem, this paper analysis the balance control of the optimal safety level, and expounds the scientific using the basic mechanism to ensure the manufacturer's optimal safety equilibrium.

Research on Desorption of Suspended Sediments to TN and TP in Waizhou Reach

The physical and chemical characteristics of suspended sediment in Waizhou reach are studied.The particle size is between 0.005-0.75mm.The pH value of sediment sample is 7.1.The desorption experiment after adsorbing total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) saturated was carried out.The experimental results show the desorption of sediment on TN and TP reaches basic equilibrium about 8h.Desorption capacity decreases with the increase of sediment concentration.Desorption process is completed by two steps.The first step is physical desorption process quickly.The second step is chemical desorption and belongs to the process of slow response.Using the Langmuir model can better simulate the process of desorbing.The correlation coefficients of fitting with TN and TP are above 0.8 and 0.75 respectively.The higher the sediment concentration, the better fitting effect.

PERILAKU EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MISKIN DI SEKITAR KAWASAN HUTAN GUNUNG RINJANI PULAU LOMBOK

<em>The objectives of this research are (1) to describe behavior of household economy; (2) to analyze factors affecting the behavior of household economy; and (3) to analyze income and outcome of households on basic equilibrium level and on actual equilibrium level. The results of the research showed that the community forest programs (HKm) given to the community living around the forests had opened job opportunities and income sources to the community living around Mount Rinjani Forest, and community incomes were far above basic equilibrium level. Factors which consistently and positively affected the economic behavior of community households were the area of HKm land occupied, the diversity of household works, the access of their villages to the center of economic activities and the area of land they utilized other than HKm land. On the other hand, household incomes from government subsidies (such as BLT and Raskin) and other sources outside the thriving labor tended to make household labors became lazier and poorer, which significantly and negatively affected working time and incomes of households.</em>

On the Analysis of Minimum Thickness in Circular Masonry Arches

In this paper, the so-called Couplet–Heyman problem of finding the minimum thickness necessary for equilibrium of a circular masonry arch, with general opening angle, subjected only to its own weight is reexamined. Classical analytical solutions provided by J. Heyman are first rederived and explored in details. Such derivations make obviously use of equilibrium relations. These are complemented by a tangency condition of the resultant thrust force at the haunches' intrados. Later, given the same basic equilibrium conditions, the tangency condition is more correctly restated explicitly in terms of the true line of thrust, i.e., the locus of the centers of pressure of the resultant internal forces at each theoretical joint of the arch. Explicit solutions are obtained for the unknown position of the intrados hinge at the haunches, the minimum thickness to radius ratio and the nondimensional horizontal thrust. As expected from quoted Coulomb's observations, only the first of these three characteristics is perceptibly influenced, in engineering terms, by the analysis. This occurs more evidently at increasing opening angle of the arch, especially for over-complete arches. On the other hand, the systematic treatment presented here reveals the implications of an important conceptual difference, which appears to be relevant in the statics of masonry arches. Finally, similar trends are confirmed as well for a Milankovitch-type solution that accounts for the true self-weight distribution along the arch.

Comparison of the High Temperature Surface Reactivity in Impure Helium of Two Materials for Gas Cooled Reactors

Nickel base alloys Haynes 230 and Inconel 617 are of interest for gas cooled reactors. At high temperature in impure helium, they generally form surface chromium-rich oxides. However above a critical temperature called TA, the scales are not stable anymore and the chromia destruction comes with a production of carbon monoxide. Reactivity tests on model alloys, with and without carbon, prove that chromia is reduced by the carbon from the alloy. TA vs P(CO) curves were also plotted for the two commercial alloys based on the experimental determination of TA in various atmospheres with increasing partial pressures of carbon monoxide. Unexpectedly, both materials exhibit an almost identical behavior although a basic equilibrium approach suggests that the chromia scale would be reduced in different conditions due to the thermodynamic particularity of the interfacial alloy/scale system.