Defending the “Peace of Sunday”: The Debate over Sunday Labor in the West German Steel Industry after the Second World War

Working hours were largely unregulated in nineteenth-century Germany, but a powerful alliance emerged in the 1890s between the Christian churches and the socialist labor movement to prohibit most industrial labor on Sunday, including most production of steel. In the 1950s steel management persuaded organized labor that it would be advantageous to produce steel continuously throughout the week, the prevalent system in other countries. The Evangelical Church retreated in this debate, but the Catholic Church waged a fierce and partly successful campaign from 1952 to 1961 to defend the old prohibition. Until the 1980s organized labor continued to cooperate with both major churches to keep Sunday industrial labor quite rare. Their influence declined suddenly after national reunification in 1990, however, and many Germans have come to prize individual freedom above the old principle, honored by Christians and the unchurched alike, that most people should have the same day of rest.

Official and Real Biographies in Context of Soviet Tradition of Non-Material Incentives for Labor during Great Patriotic War

The question of the use of the official labor biography in the 30—40s of the twentieth century as a means of instilling a sacred attitude to work in a Soviet person, a method of non-material stimulation of the production process is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the interest in biography in the context of the history of labor, in the authors’ appeal to the problem of forming a new attitude to work during the period of industrialization and the years of the Great Patriotic War. Attention is paid to the role of periodicals. The results of a comparative analysis of the official and real biography, recovered from the materials of the personal file, are presented. The question is raised about the tasks of the official biography of the Hero of Socialist Labor in this period. The novelty of the research is seen in the attraction of unpublished data from the production archive of the Gorky Railway, in the reconstruction of real biographical data. The authors compare the official and real biographies. The possibility of using heroic biography as a method of non-material stimulation of labor has been proved. The author’s reconstruction of the biography of Ivan Georgievich Makarov — Hero of Socialist Labor is presented. The experience of analytical research of documentary historical sources and their comparison with the narrative tradition is described.

Scientometrics view on scientific contacts of academician N.N. Yanenko

В данной статье, посвященной столетию со дня рождения выдающегося советского математика и механика, академика АН СССР, Героя Социалистического Труда Николая Николаевича Яненко, представлен подробный анализ его научной генеалогии с использованием проекта “Математическая генеалогия”. Показано, что в научной генеалогии академика Н.Н. Яненко оказались перечислены имена наиболее выдающихся отечественных математиков XIX в., подавляющего большинства крупнейших математиков континентальной Европы XVII - второй половины XIX вв., а также выдающихся астрономов, физиков, медиков, философов, богословов православия, католицизма, англиканства и лютеранства. Кроме того, проанализировано научное сотрудничество Н.Н. Яненко, зафиксированное в Collaboration Distance Project. Установлено, что расстояние соавторства академика Н.Н. Яненко до наиболее известных математиков и физиков ХХ-XXI вв. составляет 3-5. The present work is devoted to the 100th anniversary of the distinguished Soviet specialist in mathematics and mechanics, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor Nikolai Nikolaevich Yanenko. A detailed analysis of N.N. Yanenko scientific genealogy using the “Mathematical genealogy” project is given. It is demonstrated that the scientific genealogy of N.N. Yanenko contains the name of the most prominent national mathematician of the 19th century, the majority of leading mathematician of the continental Europe of the 16th - 2nd half of the 19th centuries, as well as prominent astronomers, physicists, physicians, philosophers, theologians of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Catholicism, Anglicanism, Lutheranism. The scientific cooperation of N.N. Yanenko is analyzed using the Collaboration Distance Project. The co-authorship distance from N.N. Yanenko to the most famous mathematician and physicists of the 20th-21th centuries is computed to be equal to 3-5.

Veniamin Vasilievich Volkov (The 100th birth anniversary)

Article is dedicated to the 100th birth anniversary of the Hero of Socialist Labor, Honored worker of science of RSFSR professor V.V. Volkov. Authors described his life, scientific and pedagogic activity.

Veniamin Vasilievich Volkov (to the 100th Anniversary of His Birth)

The article presents the main milestones in the creative life of the Hero of Socialist Labor, the USSR State Prize Laureate, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Honorary Doctor of the Military Medical Academy Professor V.V. Volkov.

History of the title Hero of Socialist Labor

More than 80 years ago, an important award was established in the USSR - the Hero of Socialist Labor. This article presents a brief historical and political excursion into the appearance and existence of this award in the Soviet state.

PERSONAL COLLECTION OF THE TEACHER T.G. MITKOVSKAYA IN THE COLLECTION OF THE MUSEUM OF HISTORY OF EDUCATION NAMED AFTER P.P. KOSTENKOV

The article analyzes the sources of items from the personal collection of the teacher of mathematics T.G. Mitkovskaya - the graduate of Barnaul State Pedagogical Institute, Honored Teacher of the Russian Federation, Hero of Socialist Labor of the USSR. She worked all her life in a secondary school in the village of Talmenka, Altai Krai. She has 45 years of pedagogical experience. The total length of pedagogical experience is 45 years. The composition of the personal collection is described: household items (clothing), educational literature, printed and handwritten documents, photos. Attention is focused on the historical and memorial value of unique documents and museum objects, on their properties of informativeness and expressiveness. Examples of the use of the collection items in the museum’s exposition and the popularization of the achievements of graduates of a pedagogical university in the Altai Krai are given. The article reveals cultural and educational potential of the memorial exposition dedicated to the outstanding teacher for the students of the pedagogical university and the museum as an institute of social memory. Keywords: museum, museum holdings, exposition, Barnaul Pedagogical Institute, mathematics teacher, Hero of Socialist Labor

LIFE HISTORY STAGES of THREE UNIVERSITIES GRADUATE (To the 100th anniversary birth of the Academician N.N. Yanenko)

The article presents the main stages of scientific activity of an outstanding Soviet mathematician and mechanic, Academician Nikolai Nikolaevich Yanenko, graduate of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Tomsk University, Honored Activist of Socialist Labor, winner of three USSR State Prizes.

The Tale of Academician D. E. Okhotsimsky (on the 100th anniversary)

The article presents materials about the outstanding scientist and the Russian citizen academician D.E. Okhotsimsky. Dmitry Yevgenyevich Okhotsimsky is an outstanding scientist, inspirer in modern national mechanics and control processes, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor, who did an invaluable contribution for the national space science development, one of the founders of modern space flight mechanics.

Between Emic and Etic

This article examines the trope of systematic destruction (sustavno/sistemsko uništavanje) and traces how it was mobilized during the 2018 Croatian shipbuilding crisis. First, an ethnographic vignette introduces the political actors and issues at stake during the crisis. The literature on post-socialist labor transformations and deindustrialization in South-East Europe is reviewed, and the tensions between political actors and policy are described. The concept of “predatory privatization” and the etic concept of “creative destruction” are then discussed as a prelude to an analysis of the emic concept of “systematic destruction.” Finally, the relations between the different concepts are described and the emotive power and political uses of the “systematic destruction” trope are explored and placed in the wider context of post-Yugoslav deindustrialization.