Academician Evgeniy Nikolaevich Meshalkin (1916–1997) (on the 105th anniversary of his birth)

The outstanding cardiologist and cardiac surgeon Evgeny Nikolaevich Meshalkin was born on February 25, 1916 in the city of Yekaterinoslav, now Dnepropetrovsk. In 1918, the Meshalkin family moved to Rostov-on-Don, and in 1928 to Moscow, where Evgeny graduated from school in 1930, and then studied at the factory school at the Sickle and Hammer factory. In 1941, Evgeny Nikolaevich graduated from the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute and from August 1941 to May 1945 was a participant of the Great Patriotic War permanently in the field army. After demobilization from the army, E. N. Meshalkin worked from 1946 to 1956 at the department and at the clinic of Faculty Surgery of the 2nd Moscow State Medical Institute, headed by Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences A. N. Bakulev. In 1950, he defended his PhD thesis «Intubation anesthesia», and in 1953, his first monograph «Intubation anesthesia Technique» was published. Evgeny Nikolaevich is rightfully considered one of the founders of the Russian anesthesiology. In 1953, E. N. Meshalkin defended his doctoral dissertation «Probing and contrast study of the heart and major vessels». In conditions of moderate nonperfusion hypothermia, Yevgeny Nikolaevich successfully operated on complex heart defects, performed the insertion of mechanical prostheses for mitral and aortic insufficiency. From January 1956 to 1960, he was the head of the Department of Thoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology of the Central Institute of Advanced Medical Training (now the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education). E.N.Meshalkin owns 47 copyright certificates and patents, which are implemented not only in the Research Institute of Circulatory Pathology, but also in other cardiac surgery centers in Russia. Honorary citizen of Novosibirsk Evgeny Nikolaevich Meshalkin passed away on March 8, 1997 and was buried in Novosibirsk at the Southern Cemetery. In memory of the outstanding scientist, the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Circulatory Pathology was named after Academician E. N. Meshalkin.

Laboratory studies of heated Bulk Fill composite in the tooth cavity during filling of teeth with carious defects

Aim. To study with the help of a microscope the marginal fit of Bulk-Fill group composite materials to the hard tissues of the tooth. Optimize the method of heating the composite in the cavity.Materials and methods. The marginal fit of the composite material of the Bulk-Fill group, sealed in 30 teeth of chewing anatomical and functional accessories extracted according to various indications, was studied. Materials used in the laboratory experiment: 3M ESPE Filtek posterior restorative Bulk Fill, SDR (Dentsply Sirona), Sonic Fill (Kerr). According to the manufacturers, the materials are used with the method of single-portion sealing. The research was conducted at the Department of General Dentistry of the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.Results. 30 teeth extracted according to various indications of chewing anatomical and functional accessories were indicators were shown by the Sonic Fill (Kerr) system, due to heating and changing the viscosity of the material.Conclusions. It was proved in the laboratory that the heated composites of the Bulk-Fill group had the best edge fit during sealing than composites at normal room temperature. A nozzle was developed for heating the composite in the tooth cavity (priority application No. 2021120658 dated 12.07.2021).

Witnessing death does not necessarily relieve the dis-comfort of death: analysis of the relationship between religiosity and thanatophobia in medicine undergraduate students

Introduction: It is known that very few issues related to death and religiosity/spirituality are addressed during medical graduation. Understanding the process of death and dying is still a problem for medical students before the terminal condition of a patient. Probably the medical students of the fifth graders overestimate their abilities, probably because they have not yet had contact with terminally ill patients or because they have not graduated, they do not take responsibility for the death of a patient they are following. In Brazil, many students believe that the topic of spirituality influences health, but they do not feel prepared to address this issue with patients. Objective: It was to analyze whether there is a relationship between religiosity and thanatophobia in medical students. It also analyzed whether there was a correlation between fear of death and specific religions, sex and age, and the index of religiosity with sex and age. Methods: Followed a prospective observational cross-sectional model, following the STROBE clinical research rules. This study was analyzed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) according to a substantiated opinion number 2,031,705, and obtaining the patient's consent. Results: A total of 542 students (61.2% of the total) answered the questionnaire. Most were female (65.7%) and with a mean age of 22.31 (ranging from 17 to 39 years). The majority of students have a religion (90.1%) and 90.4% considered it important to address the issue of death and religiousness during graduation. In this study, it was observed that most students, in addition to having some kind of religion, consider it important to address the themes highlighted during the course. This was similar to the findings in other studies. There was no statistically significant relationship between having a religion and being less afraid of death. However, students with higher levels of intrinsic religiosity showed greater discomfort when dealing with terminal patients. Furthermore, no studies comparing these two subjects were found. It was also found in this research that students with high levels of religiosity consider it more important to address the issues in question, with the majority being female students. Conclusion: It is necessary to include the topic in the medical academy, and it is essential to prepare a more humanistic and dedicated professional for patients, whether active or palliative treatment.

New data on some Russian herpetologists. Communication 3

Unknown biographic data about I. S. Darevsky, D. B. Krasovsky, and S. A. Chernov are presented. This information was obtained during work with the museum collection of the Gorsky State Agrarian University (Vladikavkaz), that of E. N. Pavlovsky’s Chair of Biology at S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, and the archive of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Viktor Vasilievich Trusov — organizer of endocrinology service of Izhevsk

The article is devoted to the 85th anniversary of Professor Viktor Vasilyevich Trusov (19362012), one of the prominent representatives of the therapeutic, scientific school of the Izhevsk State Medical Academy. In the range of diverse scientific interests and developments of Viktor Vasilyevich, a significant part was the issues of practical support to patients with endocrinological pathology, including patients with diabetes mellitus. Professor V.V. Trusov was a member of the Board of Russian Association of Endocrinologists, a member of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, a member of the American Diabetes Association, worked on the problems of optimizing care for patients with diabetes. The article highlights the diabetology segment of the endocrinology service in Izhevsk on the materials of the endocrinological department of the State Clinical Hospital No. 6. The role of Professor Viktor Vasilyevich Trusov in the organization of the endocrinological center of Izhevsk, the viability of the methodological guidelines and recommendations laid down by him in the organization of care for patients with diabetes mellitus was noted. The organization of the work of the endocrinology center are considered. The analysis of the main indicators of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was carried out according to the data of the endocrinology department (20172020). The special place of the diabetic foot clinic in the work of the center is highlighted. Modern and original methods of management of such complications of diabetes mellitus as diabetic foot syndrome are presented.

The history of the research of neuroinfections in the Department of Nervous Diseases of the Imperial Medical Surgical (Military Medical) Academy

The article presents the history of the research of neuroinfections at the Nervous Diseases Department of the Imperial Medical Surgical Academy, later the Military Medical Academy, from 1860 until nowadays. One of the outstanding achievements of Russian and world medicine in the twentieth century, constituting an entire era in neurology and virology, was the comprehensive study of tick-borne encephalitis by Aleksandr Gavrilovich Panov. He made a huge contribution to the research of this infection: Clinic of spring-summer encephalitis (1938) the first journal article in the world literature on the clinical aspects of tick-borne encephalitis; the first Ph.D. thesis on the clinical picture of tick-borne encephalitis was successfully defended by A.G. Panov on February 20, 1939 under the leadership of A.V. Triumfov; the first monograph on tick-borne encephalitis and other encephalitis Seasonal summer encephalitis (Vladivostok, 1940) also belongs to A.G. Panov. The results of the research of tick-borne encephalitis in 19341949 became the subject of a doctoral dissertation, defended on December 8, 1951. In 1956, the classic monograph by A.G. Panov Tick-borne encephalitis was published. At the end of XX and beginning of XXI centuries research work in the field of neuroinfection expanded, studies were carried out in various directions, including neuropathology of herpesvirus, alteration of the nervous system in botulism, acute demyelinating polyneuropathies, neuropathology of chlamydial infection, neuroborreliosis, neuropathology of infective endocarditis, alteration of the blood-brain barrier in meningitis, treatment of neuroinfectious diseases. For more than a century and a half, the staff of the Department of Nervous Diseases of the Imperial Medical Surgical (Military Medical) Academy have created and laid the foundation for the doctrine of neuroinfections for numerous followers, as well as the modern generation of neurologists and doctors of related specialties (bibliography: 10 refs)

ANALYSIS OF ADVERSE EVENTS AFTER IMMUNIZATION WITH VACCINES AGAINST Sars-Cov-2

Although the WHO-recommended coronavirus vaccines are safe and effective, vaccines provide new information to healthcare professionals about the extent and nature of adverse reactions to these drugs. The aim of the study is supplementing the available data on adverse reactions of vaccines on the example of the experience of vaccination of the teaching staff of the Cherkasy Medical Academy with vaccines COVISHIELD and COMIRNATY. Information for this study was collected retrospectively through a survey of 72 employees of the Cherkasy Medical Academy who were vaccinated with the COVISHIELD vaccine (first dose); 67 workers vaccinated with AstraZeneca (second dose); 54 workers who were vaccinated with COMIRNATY vaccine (first dose); 52 people vaccinated with this vaccine (second dose). The study confirmed that among the local side effects, the most common were pain at the injection site, among the systemic - fever, weakness, fatigue and drowsiness, headache, muscle pain, chills. Most of the side effects were most pronounced in young people, more often in women than in men.

BECOMING OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY AT POLTAVA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY SINCE ITS FOUNDATION AND ITS MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS

In its becoming, Poltava State Medical University has passed a thorny path from the odontology faculty, created on the basis of the Kharkov Medical Academy in 1921, to the leading specialized institution for training medical and healthcare professionals. In 2021 the university has celebrated its 100th anniversary. In 1950, the Department of Human Anatomy moved to a new location and dedicated to the training of medical professionals, research activities. The scope of scientific research conducted at the department covered issues on the structure of glands of the mucous membranes, lymphoid tissue of the initial section of the digestive system, structural peculiarities of autonomic nervous system. The department put a lot of effort to equip microscopic, histological, histochemical and photo laboratories, to create the museum of the department. Scientists developed and manufactured various devices and techniques for conducting morphological studies, which made it possible to publish numerous methodological recommendations, textbooks, and to conduct research for the candidate and doctor degrees. The anatomical museum, refurbished and modernized in 2005 and known even abroad is the subject of honour not only for the department, but for the University as well. The museum is also a matter of utmost interest to young visitors during the Open Days, students from other universities. The Department of Human Anatomy seeks to capitalize on a number of pedagogical experiences and research achievements to transfer knowledge and know-how to young generation of students and scientists.

In memory of outstanding physician, doctor of medical sciences, professor Trusov Victor Vasilyevich

The article is devoted to the 85-th anniversary of the birth of Professor Viktor Vasilyevich Trusov (1936-2012), one of the prominent representatives of the therapeutic scientific school of Izhevsk State Medical Academy. In the range of diverse scientific interests and developments of Viktor Vasilyevich, the issues of practical assistance to patients with endocrinological pathology, including patients with diabetes mellitus, occupied a significant part. Professor Trusov V. V. was a member of the Board of Endocrinologists of Russia, a member of the European Association of Diabetologists, a member of the American Association of Diabetologists. He worked on the problems of optimizing care for patients with diabetes.

Whispered Hearing Analyzer — a device for preventive examinations to detect early hearing loss

Introduction. The problem of hearing loss and deafness, due to the general prevalence of hearing loss in different age groups, is significant not only for medicine, but also for the social sphere of society. Nowadays, just as 40 years ago, preventive medical examinations and initial examinations by an otorhinolaryngologist use methods of testing hearing by means of whispered speech, which has its own characteristics for everyone. This leads to diagnostic errors and does not allow to detect hearing loss in its early stages. Purpose of the study—development of a whispered-speech apparatus for early express diagnosis of hearing loss, and study of the effectiveness of the developed apparatus. Materials and methods. The Department of Hygiene at the Izhevsk State Medical Academy, as part of the program "Umnic-2018" a whispered hearing analyzer — a device for early express diagnosis of hearing loss was developed. The device was tested on the basis of otorhinolaryngologist offices in Izhevsk and Tchaikovsky. The study group included 53 patients aged 19 to 76. As part of the testing of the device, the subjects underwent whispered speech hearing tests using acumetric Voyacek word tables; express diagnostics of the hearing level with the whispered hearing analyzer and tonal threshold audiometry using the ITERA II diagnostic audiometer (Otometrics, Denmark). Results. As a result of the testing of the developed device, we found that the use of the whispered hearing analyzer allows you to reduce the time of examination and increase its diagnostic efficiency compared to conventional methods of hearing level examination at medical check-ups. Discussion. The Whispering Hearing Analyzer is designed to quickly and accurately detect hearing loss during medical examinations. The results obtained with this instrument can only tell you that you have a hearing loss, but it is not possible to make a diagnosis. Conclusion. The problem of disabling hearing loss can be solved through preventive measures, one of which is the developed device for early express diagnosis of hearing loss. The use of this device eliminates the occurrence of diagnostic errors associated with the researcher's speech characteristics, thereby making it possible to detect hearing loss at an early stage.