Educación, masculinidades y violencias en la universidad

Como parte de un proyecto acerca de las violencias en la UNAM, este trabajo recupera algunos de los señalamientos de la investigación feminista —la noción de continuo, la vigencia de estructuras sexistas y las prácticas de hostigamiento— para abordar el punto de vista de las masculinidades críticas. En esta confluencia se acomete un repaso de los aspectos más relevantes de tres vertientes teóricas: la masculinidad hegemónica, las teorías de los actos de hombría [manhood acts] y el apoyo por parte de pares varones [male peer support]. Con esto, se perfila la propuesta de un modelo triple —en cuanto a ideales, estrategias y alianzas— de educación en masculinidades y contra las violencias. La labor crítica desemboca en una revisión de las “múltiples masculinidades” frente a propuestas recientes que cuestionan la dicotomía toxicidad/positividad, donde se destaca la opción de la hibridez. Concluyo con un esbozo del modelo triple a partir de dos estrategias, el nombrar y la autorreflexión.

Life Course and Socioecological Influences on Gender-Equitable Attitudes Among Men: A Scoping Review

Emerging research suggests that holding gender-equitable attitudes (GEA) is associated with decreased risk of gender-based violence perpetration and increased willingness to engage in violence preventative actions among men. GEA, defined here as support for political, economic, and social equity across gender in both public and private spheres, may therefore constitute a protective factor against perpetration and a promotive factor in fostering healthy relationships and communities. Forces that shape GEA throughout boys’ and young men’s lives are less well articulated. The purpose of this exploratory, scoping review was to synthesize cross-disciplinary research to distill life-course influences on the development of GEA among men. Three databases and Google Scholar were searched to locate peer-reviewed studies that empirically examined GEA as an outcome of childhood, adolescent, or young adulthood factors. Sixty-nine articles were located that, collectively, used data from 97 different countries and identified 22 potential life-course influences on men’s GEA. Across studies, facilitators of equitable attitudes included higher levels of education, exposure to gender transformative prevention programming, and having parents who held, modeled, and communicated gender-equitable beliefs. Hindrances to equitable attitudes included but were not limited to religiosity, the transition to fatherhood, and having mostly male peer groups. Findings suggest that opportunities to foster equitable attitudes exist across the life course and both inside and outside of formal prevention or education interventions.

Masculinities, Sport, and Violence Against Women: The Contribution of Male Peer Support Theory

Although there are active debates about the nature and role of masculinities and a rise of new masculinity formations in modern society, feminist analysis of the relationship between sport, masculinities, and violence against women has been somewhat quiescent lately. This article seeks to underline this connection through the use of male peer support theory, which has been expanded in recent years to include messages from women and from within the LGBTQ community, and to recognize the rise in newer masculinity formations and the influence of new technology.

Critical Masculinity Studies and Research on Violence Against Women: An Assessment of Past Scholarship and Future Directions

This article investigates the role of critical masculinity theory on the field of violence against women (VAW). We conduct a meta-analysis to discern which theories of masculinity have been used within the journal Violence Against Women over the past 25 years. This search revealed that many articles use masculinity concepts but do not always articulate explicit theories of masculinity. We review hegemonic masculinity and male peer support, two of the most commonly used theories of masculinity and violence. We then discuss new developments within masculinity scholarship, including theories of manhood acts, inclusive masculinity, and hybrid masculinity, and consider how these perspectives can enhance the already robust scholarship on masculinity and VAW.

Effects of Media Exposure on the Political Polarization Patterns of Students in Pakistan

This study aimed to determine the effect of peer tutoring (PT) in enhancing students’ writing skills during English textbook taught to the students of Grade XI. The true experimental research pre/post-test design was used. The sample of the study comprised of 70 male and 58 female students containing each 35 male peer tutoring group (PTG) and non-peer tutoring group NPTG as well as each 29 female PTG and NPTG after matched before intervention. MCQs related to writing skills developed as a tool for data collection process. The tool is used in both pre and post-test for PTG and NPTG. The difference in both groups was calculated using statistical analysis. Linear regression predicted the effect size of male PTG 16.376 points higher (r = 0.860) than NPTG as well as female PTG 12.183 points higher (r = 0.813) than NPTG. These results indicated that PT technique enhanced students’ academic achievement.

Peer Tutoring: An Effective Technique To Enhance Students English Writing Skills

This study aimed to determine the effect of peer tutoring (PT) in enhancing students’ writing skills during English textbook taught to the students of Grade XI. The true experimental research pre/post-test design was used. The sample of the study comprised of 70 male and 58 female students containing each 35 male peer tutoring group (PTG) and non-peer tutoring group NPTG as well as each 29 female PTG and NPTG after matched before intervention. MCQs related to writing skills developed as a tool for data collection process. The tool is used in both pre and post-test for PTG and NPTG. The difference in both groups was calculated using statistical analysis. Linear regression predicted the effect size of male PTG 16.376 points higher (r = 0.860) than NPTG as well as female PTG 12.183 points higher (r = 0.813) than NPTG. These results indicated that PT technique enhanced students’ academic achievement.

Sex Differences in Human Peer Relationships: A Primate’s-Eye View

Bonds formed by nonhuman animals can illuminate the structure of human relationships. In the juvenile period, primates of many species that are genetically similar to humans form sex-differentiated bonds in which females spend more time with female kin, and males spend more time with unrelated same-sex peers. Research with humans suggests a similar sex difference, with one notable addition: Beginning in middle childhood, male peer groups begin engaging in complex activities, including intergroup contests. This additional component of human peer relations resembles that of chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes), one of humans’ closest living genetic relatives. Cross-species and developmental evidence can aid in constructing a theory of human peer relations that differs by sex.