HUBUNGAN KELELAHAN POSTPARTUM DENGAN MOTIVASI PEMBERIAN ASI

THE WOMEN'S CONDITION AFTER CHILDBIRTH UNDERGOES PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES. CHANGES AFTER CHILDBIRTH CAUSE FATIGUE IN THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD. POSTPARTUM FATIGUE MAKES THE MOTIVATION OF BREASTFEEDING DECREASE. THIS STUDY AIMS TO FIND OUT THE RELATIONSHIP OF FATIGUE WITH MOTIVATION FOR BREASTFEEDING IN THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD. THE DESIGN OF THIS STUDY WAS A QUANTITATIVELY ANALYTICAL CORRELATION WITH A CROSSECTIONAL APPROACH PERFORMED ON 95 POSTPARTUM MOTHERS WITH PURPOSIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES. THE QUESTIONNAIRES USED ARE THE POSTPARTUM FATIGUE SCALE (PFS) AND BREASTFEEDING MOTIVATIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL MEASUREMENT SCALE (BMIMS). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USES THE SPEARMAN RHO TEST WITH SIGNIFICANCE P<0.05. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT POSTPARTUM MOTHERS WHO EXPERIENCED HIGH LEVELS OF FATIGUE AS MUCH AS 91 (95.8%), MODERATE AS MUCH AS 2 (2.1%), LOW AS MANY AS 2 (2.1%) RESPONDENTS. THE MOTIVATION LEVEL OF BREASTFEEDING WAS LOW BY 50 (52.6%), AND THE MOTIVATION OF BREASTFEEDING WAS LOW AS MUCH AS 40 (47.4%) RESPONDENTS. THE CONCLUSION OF THIS STUDY THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FATIGUE AND MOTIVATION OF BREASTFEEDING IN POSTPARTUM (P = 0.001). HEALTH SERVICE ARE EXPECTED TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF SERVICE IN THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD BY ASSESSING POSTPARTUM FATIGUE EARLY TO INCREASE MATERNAL MOTIVATION IN BREASTFEEDING.

Analysis of Factors that Influence the Participation of Women of Childbearing Age in the Examination of Visual Acetic Acid Inspection (IVA) in Kanor Public Health Center, Bojonegoro Regency

Cervical cancer is the most common case and almost 70% of it is found in an advanced stage condition (> stage IIB). This is because the screening implementation is still low, which is <5%. In fact, the ideal screening implementation is 80%. Actually, early-stage cervical cancer can be diagnosed by performing a cytological examination through IVA. Nearly 50% of people with cervical cancer do not do IVA. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health services, maternal motivation, level of knowledge, and husband's support for the participation of women of childbearing age in the IVA examination at the Kanor Health Center. This research method is analytic research with cross sectional approach. The study population was all women of childbearing age between 30 and 50 years in the Kanor Health Center area. Proportional random sampling technique with a total sample of 300 people. Data analysis techniques using multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the variables that influenced participation in the IVA examination were health services (p = 0,000 and beta = 0.050) and maternal motivation (p = 0,000 and beta 0.037). While the variables that did not affect the participation of IVA examination were knowledge and husband support. The results of data analysis showed that the most dominant variable affecting the participation of women of childbearing age in the IVA examination was health services with a p value of 0.000 and an Odd Ratio of 0.050, which means that good health services will have a greater influence on the participation of women of childbearing age in IVA examinations by 0.050 times compared to poor health services. Therefore, it is necessary to have health promoter staff to provide information about health services as well as education or health education about early detection of cervical cancer through examinations.

Maternal and neonatal behaviour.

This chapter provides information on the behaviour of domestic animals during early and parental stage which includes the following topics: parental investment; initiation of maternal behaviour; maternal motivation; milk let-down; nursing and suckling; and behaviour of the newborn animals in various species.

Development of the Parental Brain in Humans

Chapter 10 deals with the development of the parental brain in humans, emphasizing experiential influences on the intergenerational continuity of maternal behavior: A history of experiencing childhood maltreatment (CMT; maternal neglect and/or abuse) is associated with alterations in the development of the child’s parental brain, which may lead to subsequent deficits in its maternal behavior. The manner in which parents treat their children may affect the development of neural systems (a) that regulate emotionality, with poor parental care resulting in deficits in emotion regulation, and (b) that underpin maternal motivation, love, and empathy, with poor parental care decreasing these processes. Alterations in the development of medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, mesolimbic dopamine, oxytocin, corticotropin-releasing factor, and serotonin neural systems are involved, as are epigenetic effects. Not all mothers who experience CMT become poor mothers, and the involvement of gene by environment interactions are highlighted.

Brain Mechanisms Regulating Maternal Behavior in Nonhuman Mammals

Chapter 4 examines the roles of oxytocin (OT) and olfaction in the maternal behavior of nonhuman mammals. It also presents an overview of brain anatomy. In concert with pregnancy hormones, the release of OT into the brain, derived from the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, stimulates the onset of maternal behavior. Although OT is not required for the maintenance of maternal behavior, it does enhance maternal behavior during the postpartum period in challenging environments by decreasing anxiety and increasing maternal motivation. OT, in the absence of pregnancy hormones, may also enhance maternal responsiveness in alloparents. For many postpartum mammals, maternal motivation is under multisensory control, and olfaction is not required, although it is necessary for maternal selectivity in sheep. In contrast, for laboratory mice, olfaction is essential for maternal motivation. For virgin female rats and rabbits, olfactory input from pups inhibits maternal behavior, but this inhibition is eliminated at parturition.

Central Neural Circuits Regulating Maternal Behavior in Nonhuman Mammals

Chapter 5 reviews the brain circuits that regulate maternal behavior in nonhuman mammals. The medial preoptic area (MPOA) is essential for both the onset and maintenance of maternal behavior. Hormones and oxytocin act on the MPOA to stimulate the onset of maternal behavior. The neurotransmitters contained within MPOA neurons that may regulate maternal behavior are described, as are several neural inputs to the MPOA that regulate its output. A defensive neural circuit that inhibits maternal behavior in most virgin female mammals is described. MPOA output stimulates maternal behavior by depressing the defensive circuit while also activating neural circuits that underpin maternal motivation. MPOA output to the mesolimbic dopamine system is essential for appetitive maternal responses, while its output to the periaqueductal gray regulates consummatory responses. Synaptic plasticity within the MPOA-to-mesolimbic DA circuit is involved in the development of an enduring mother–infant bond.

Development of the Parental Brain in Nonhuman Mammals

Chapter 9 examines the development of the parental brain in animals, emphasizing that the way a mother treats her offspring affects their brain development and their subsequent maternal behavior, leading to an intergenerational continuity of maternal phenotypes. Two proposals are evaluated. First, maternal treatment influences the development of maternal motivation circuits in offspring. In support, the development of medial preoptic area projections to the mesolimbic dopamine system is affected. Second, maternal treatment influences the development of neural systems that regulate anxiety and stress reactivity in offspring. In support, the development of medial prefrontal cortex regulation of amygdala reactivity to stressful situations is affected. Deficient development of maternal motivation circuits may contribute to neglectful maternal behavior; deficient development of emotion regulation circuits may contribute to abusive maternal behavior. Epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, and gene by environment interactions are involved in these processes.