A brief discussion on High-entropy alloys vs Compositionally Complex alloys

High-entropy alloys(HEAs) are of great interest in the field of materials science and engineering. Unlike conventional alloys, which contain a maximum of 2 base metals, this new category of materials consists of multi-principle elements and the possible number of alloy compositions, in case of HEAs, is outstandingly higher than that for conventional alloys. Here, a review on the high-entropy alloys, has been provided, on the issue whether the earliest definition of High- Entropy alloys, proposed in 2004[2, 4], is consistent with one of the 4-component equiatomic Compositionally complex alloys exhibiting a “High-entropy” effect.

Increasing entropy reduces perceived numerosity throughout the lifespan

Illusions that arise from systematic bias in perceiving numerosity serve as a powerful window into the mechanisms supporting our visual number sense. Recent research has shown that similarly oriented elements appear more numerous than randomly oriented elements in an array. However, this coherence illusion is not predicted by dominant models of numerosity perception. Here we examine whether the orientation coherence illusion is a more general byproduct of the effect of entropy on numerical information processing. Participants engaged in an ordinal numerical comparison task where the color entropy of arrays was manipulated. We found that homogenously colored arrays were perceived as more numerous than entropic colored arrays (Experiments 1 and 2), suggesting that the coherence illusion on numerosity perception is not specific to a particular visual property (e.g., orientation) but instead that the entropy of visual arrays more generally affects numerical processing. In Experiment 3, we explored the developmental trajectory of the color entropy effect in children aged 5 to 17 and found that the strength of the coherence illusion increases into adulthood, raising intriguing questions as to how perceptual experiences influence the progression of this numerosity illusion. We consider a recently proposed resource-rational model as a framework for understanding the entropy effect on numerosity perception under an information-theoretic perspective.

Fundamental Core Effects in Transition Metal High-Entropy Alloys: “High-Entropy” and “Sluggish Diffusion” Effects

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are equimolar multi-principal-element alloys (MPEAs) that are different from traditional solvent-based multicomponent alloys based on the concept of alloy design. Based on initial work by Yeh and co-workers, HEAs were postulated to exhibit four “core” effects: high entropy, sluggish diffusion, lattice distortion, and cocktail effect. Out of these four proposed core effects, “high entropy” and “sluggish diffusion” effects were most debated in the literature as these core effects directly affect the thermodynamic and kinetic understanding of HEAs. The initial work on HEAs by several researchers utilized these effects to indirectly support the experimentally observed “unique” properties, without independent investigation of these core effects. The presumed implications of these core effects resulted in justification or generalization of properties to all HEAs, e.g., all HEAs should exhibit high temperature stability based on high entropy effect, high temperature strength owing to limited grain growth, good diffusion barrier application due to sluggish diffusion kinetics, etc. However, many recent studies have challenged these core effects, and suggested that not all HEAs were observed to exhibit these core effects.

A crucial review on recent updates of oxidation behavior in high entropy alloys

Recently, High entropy alloys (HEAs) advanced into high-temperature applications as potential candidates by enduring high temperatures with high thermal stability, higher oxidation and corrosion resistances, thermal fatigue, and creep resistances. HEAs acquire unique characteristics called core effects of HEAs: high entropy effect, sluggish diffusion effect, severe lattice distortion, and cocktail effect. HEAs frequently exhibit remarkable properties because of having such unique core effects. Thus, the emergence of HEAs has gained significant interest in the field of materials leading to a contemporary point of discussion on their exciting nature and properties. The current review article intends to summarize the significant works on the oxidation behavior of High entropy alloys (HEAs). Also, peculiar attention has been invested in comprehending oxidation behavior of HEAs in the viewpoint of the crystal structure that is BCC-HEAs, FCC-HEAs and few case studies were compared with the conventional alloys. Current challenges and essential future directions in this field are also pointed out.

High-Entropy Effect of Metal Phosphide on Enhanced Overall Water Splitting Performance

High-entropy materials has gained extensive attention owing to their unique structural characteristics and outstanding properties. The synthesis of high-entropy compounds, especially high-entropy metal phosphides have been seldom reported because of...

Rational Design and Intramolecular Cyclization of Hotspot Peptide Segments at YAP–TEAD4 Complex Interface

Background: The Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) is a central regulator of Hippo pathway involved in carcinogenesis, which functions through interaction with TEA Domain (TEAD) transcription factors. Pharmacological disruption of YAP–TEAD4 complexes has been recognized as a potential therapeutic strategy against diverse cancers by suppressing the oncogenic activity of YAP. Objective: Two peptides, termed PS-1 and PS-2 are split from the interfacial context of YAP protein. Dynamics simulations, energetics analyses and fluorescence polarizations are employed to characterize the intrinsic disorder as well as binding energy/affinity of the two YAP peptides to TEAD4 protein. Methods: Two peptides, termed PS-1 and PS-2 are split from the interfacial context of YAP protein. Dynamics simulations, energetics analyses and fluorescence polarizations are employed to characterize the intrinsic disorder as well as binding energy/affinity of the two YAP peptides to TEAD4 protein. Result: The native conformation of PS-2 peptide is a cyclic loop, which is supposed to be constrained by adding a disulfide bond across the spatially vicinal residue pair Arg87-Phe96 or Met86- Phe95 at the peptide’s two ends, consequently resulting in two intramolecular cyclized counterparts of linear PS-2 peptide, namely PS-2(cyc87,96) and PS-2(cyc86,95). The linear PS-2 peptide is determined as a weak binder of TEAD4 (Kd = 190 μM), while the two cyclic PS-2(cyc87,96) and PS-2(cyc86,95) peptides are measured to have moderate or high affinity towards TEAD4 (Kd = 21 and 45 μM, respectively). Conclusion: PS-1 and PS-2 peptides are highly flexible and cannot maintain in native active conformation when splitting from the interfacial context, and thus would incur a considerable entropy penalty upon rebinding to the interface. Cyclization does not influence the direct interaction between PS-2 peptide and TEAD4 protein, but can largely reduce the intrinsic disorder of PS-2 peptide in free state and considerably minimize indirect entropy effect upon the peptide binding.