Target and Non‑Target Moth Species Captured by Pheromone Traps for Some Fruit Tortricid Moths (Lepidoptera)

Efficiency of the synthetic sexual pheromones for five tortricid species, viz. Grapholita funebrana Treitschke, 1835, G. janthinana (Duponchel, 1835), G. lobarzewskii (Nowicki, 1860), G. molesta (Busck, 1916), and Pandemis heparana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), was evaluated in two areas in the SE part of the Czech Republic. The lures for G. funebrana produced by the Pherobank showed a higher selectivity and efficiency than those by the Propher. On the contrary, pheromones for G. molesta by the Propher are more effective than those by the Pherobank. Besides the target species, 29 non-target tortricid species and 25 other Lepidoptera species were captured. The number of non-target tortricid species was comparable by the attractants for all species (15 – 17 spp.), except Pandemis heparana (only 7 spp.). The most abundant non-target Tortricidae were Cnephasia stephensiana (Doubleday, 1849), Hedya pruniana (Hübner, 1799), and Epiblema cirsiana (Zeller, 1843). Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, 1799) was recorded in outdoor conditions of the Czech Republic for the first time. Celypha rosaceana (Schläger, 1847) was found as new for Moravia. Oegoconia novimundi (Busck, 1915) (Autostichidae) was attracted by the lures for Grapholita funebrana and G. molesta in unusually high number of specimens.

The presence of non-target lepidopteran species in pheromone traps for fruit tortricid moths

In the localities Brno-Tuřany (Brno-město) and Prakšice (Uherské Hradiště) pheromone traps were used to monitor tortricid moths Adoxophyes orana, Archips podanus, A. rosanus, Hedya nubiferana, Pandemis heparana, Spilonota ocellana, Cydia pomonella, Cydia funebrana and Cydia molesta. Other moths species were also present in these pheromone traps for target species: Pammene albuginana, Cydia coronilana, Notocelia rosaecolana, Hedya pruniana, noctua pronuba, Ypponomeuta malinellus, Pyrausta rectefascialis and P. aurata.  

Results on mating disruption by sex pheromones against moth pests of apple in integrated and organic orchards

The study was aimed to study that how mating disruption by hand applied dispensers can reduce the number of damage caused by Cydia pomonella, Adoxophyes orana and Pandemis heparana in four integrated and organic apple orchards. In the first orchard (Gacsály), protection against moth caterpillars ensured by IPM and conventional production systems were equally good, but worse than that of the orchard part where mating disruption was applied by 1000 dispensers/ha. In second orchard (Nyírbogdány), the highest incidence of codling moth damage was measured in the hilly part (17%), while in the plot where 440 dispensers/ha pheromone dosage was applied, the damage incidence was 11%. The smallest damage incidence was at the flat part, where 666 dispensers /ha was applied. In the third and fourth orchards (Eperjeske), codling moth damage on fruits was below 7% in the larger and smaller orchards where 1000 dispensers/ha was applied. At Eperjeske, the codling moth damage increased by 32.3% in the field treated with Bacillus thuringiensis product but without using mating disruption. The results verified that the use of 1000 dispensers/ha as suggested by the manufactures is essential, especially in the first year of application. The results also suggested that better results can be achieved in flat areas and the larger plot size also enables a more efficient reduction of the damage.

Nontarget lepidoptera species found in the pheromone traps for selected Tortricid species in 2002 and 2003 years

Pheromone traps were used to monitor the following tortricid moths, i.e. Adoxophyes orana, Archips podanus, A. rosanus, Hedya nubiferana, Pandemis heparana, Spilonota ocellana, Cydia pomonella, Cydia funebrana and Cydia molesta in the localities Brno-Tuřany (Brno-město), Nebovidy (Brno-venkov) and Prakšice (Uherské Hradiště). Other Lepidoptera non-target species were present in these target-species pheromone traps, i.e. Adoxophyes orana, Agrotis segetum, Amphipoea oculaea, Archips rosanus, Celypha striana, Cydia coronillana, Enarmonia formosana, Epiblema scutulanum, Epinotia huebneriana, Eucosma fervidana, Euxoa tritici, Hedya pruniana, H. nubiferana, Lymantria dispar, Noctua pronuba, Notocelia rosaecolana, N. roborana, Pammene albuginana, P. suspectana, Pandemis cerasana, Pyrausta rectefascialis, P. aurata, Spilonota ocellana, Yponomeuta malinellus and Zygaena purpuralis.

Flight patterns of Hedya dimidioalba, Spilonota ocellana and Pandemis heparana (Lep.: Tortricidae) based on data from pheromone traps

During 1992–1999 the flight activity of Hedya dimidioalba, Spilonota ocellana and Pandemis heparana was investigated by pheromone traps placed in six apple orchards and a plum orchard in Central and East Bohemia. The cumulative catches of each species were plotted against time of the catch expressed as the sum of degree-days above 10°C (H. dimidioalba and S. ocellana) and 8°C (P. heparana) and approximated by Richards’ function. Common parameters of Richards’ function could be found for Hedya dimidioalba and Spilonota ocellana from all localities. In Pandemis heparana the flight pattern was different for groups of localities with similar climatic conditions. It was found that the beginning, peak and end of the flight activity of these species in the Czech Republic can be reasonably predicted.