Theosbaena loko sp. n. a new stygobiotic microshrimp (Thermosbaenacea: Halosbaenidae) from southern Thailand

Thermosbaenaceans are subterranean crustaceans, widespread and occur in freshwater, oligohaline or anchialine caves or thermal springs. Currently, four families, seven genera,and 45 species are recognised worldwide. During our studies of the isolated karst, Tham Loko (Loko Cave) in Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province, we found an undescribed thermosbanacean species in the genus Theosbaena. Theosbaena is the only genus reported from freshwater in the Oriental Region. Previously, there were only two known species, Theosbaena cambodjiana Cals & Boutin, 1985 from Kampot Province, southern Cambodia and Khon Kaen, Thailand and T. kiatwongchai Rogers & Sanoamuang, 2016 discovered in a cave of Takhli District, Nakhon Sawan, central Thailand. Our new species is the third species recorded in the Oriental Region. Theosbaena loko sp. n. differs from its congeners by having a telson 1.8x longer than its breadth, maxilla 1 palp distal segment 4x longer than the proximal palpomere and the maxillopodal exopod twice as long as its basal width. This microshrimp is the third described species of the genus. A key to the species is given and suggestions for the conservation status of the new species are discussed.

A new species in the genus Heteromysoides (Crustacea, Mysida, Mysidae) from Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand

A new mysid, Heteromysoides songkhlaensis, is reported from shallow water in the Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand. The new species is closely similar to H. nana in having a triangular rostrum and the eyestalk without a process at the anteromesial corner. However, the new species can be readily distinguished from H. nana by three setae on the inner margin and five setae on distal margin of the second segment of the mandibular palp; the carpopropodus of the fifth and sixth thoracic endopod of the new species is composed of four articles, and the telson of the new species is distally rounded, shorter than the sixth abdominal somite, and 1.3 times longer than its basal width; the spines on the telson form elongated spines from the distal to posterior margin. The new species also resembles H. dennisi, H. simplex, and H. stenoura; however, it differs by (1) the presence of a rounded distal margin of telson, and (2) absence of a sharp process on the distolateral corner of the eyestalk.

Two new species of the genus Symphylella (Symphyla, Scolopendrellidae) from Tibet, China

The Symphyla of Tibet are studied for the first time. Symphylellamacroporasp. n. and Symphylellazhongisp. n. from southeastern Tibet are described and illustrated. Symphylellamacroporasp. n. is characterized by large, elongated oval openings of the Tömösváry organ with its inner margins covered by minute irregular teeth, rudimentary spined sensory organs present on the dorsal side of most antennal segments, and cerci with numerous long and slightly curved setae. Symphylellazhongisp. n. is characterized by a globular Tömösváry organ with a small and roundish opening, mushroom-shaped sensory organs present on apical antennal segments, and by having tergal processes longer than their basal width with ovoid swollen ends. The newly described species are compared to the morphologically closest congeners: S.javanensis, S.asiatica, S.multisetosa, and S.simplex. A key for 43 species of the genus is also provided.

The larva and female ofPerigomphus basicornisAmaya-Vallejo, Novelo-Gutiérrez & Realpe, 2017, and the first record ofPerigomphus pallidistylus(Belle, 1972) for Colombia (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae)

The larva and female ofPerigomphus basicornisare described and illustrated, and compared with the larva and female ofP. pallidistylus.The larva ofP. basicornisdiffers from that ofP. pallidistylusin having sternum 8 divided in five sclerites, abdominal segments 8 and 9 with small, low protuberances on the tergites and male’s epiproct as long as its basal width, mainly. The female ofP. basicornisdiffers from that ofP. pallidistylusin having the apical lobes of vulvar lamina wider, with divergent tips.P. pallidistylusis recorded for Colombia for the first time.

The Silchester ‘Nymphaeum’

ABSTRACTA carved coping stone found on the site of a spring near the amphitheatre, Silchester, and first reported in 1873, was rediscovered in 2014. It does not compare in its carved detail with coping stones from the amphitheatres at Chester and London, nor with that recovered from the West Gate, Silchester, in 1890; nor does its basal width correspond with that of the arena wall of the Silchester amphitheatre. It is likely to have formed part of a monumental basin, similar to that found at Coventina's Well, Northumberland, and to have commemorated the location of a spring and its associated (unknown) deity. Similarity with the type and decoration of architectural stone used in the construction of the forum-basilica suggests a Hadrianic–Antonine date.

Colletes jankowskyi (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) newly recorded from Japan, with some biological notes and DNA barcodes

Colletes jankowskyi Radoszkowski is recorded from Japan for the first time. It is similar to C. babai Hirashima & Tadauchi and C. floralis Eversmann of the Japanese congeners, but is separated from these allied species by the combination of following characters: malar space short, less than one-half of basal width of mandible; mesoscutum with whitish hairs mixed with darker ones; first metasomal tergum with dense punctures; and hair zone on disc of seventh metasomal sternum narrow in central area. DNA barcodes are also useful for discrimination among these three species. The habitat of Japanese C. jankowskyi may be limited to semi-natural grassland. Adults appeared from mid-August to mid-September. The number of individuals is richest from late August to early September, although the species had been collected earlier in the season on the Asian mainland. Most specimens were collected on flowers of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. (Fabaceae). In Japan, C. jankowskyi is suggested as a relict species judging from the distribution and habitat information.

A new species of the genus Austinogebia Ngoc-Ho, 2001 (Decapoda, Gebiidea, Upogebiidae) from the Bohai Sea, China

A new species of the upogebiid mud shrimp genusAustinogebiaNgoc-Ho, 2001,A. liuin. sp., collected from the Bohai Sea, is described and illustrated. It is closely similar toA. takaoensis(Sakai & Türkay, 1995) andA. spinifrons(Haswell, 1881) in the fixed finger of the male pereopod 1 bearing a large blunt tooth on the outer (or lateral) surface, but differs markedly from the latter two in the rostrum being 1.7 times as long as its basal width, and the lower margin of the antennal peduncle being unarmed, respectively.

Description of a new genus and species of Candonopsini (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Candoninae) from the alluvial valley of the Upper Parana River (Brazil, South America)

The genus Candobrasilopsis gen. nov. is here described, with C. rochai gen. nov. sp. nov. as type species, from the alluvial valley of the Upper Paraná River. The enigmatic Candonopsis brasiliensis Sars, 1901 is here redescribed and transferred to this new genus, the new combination being Candobrasilopsis brasiliensis (Sars, 1901). The new candonid genus belongs to the tribe Candonopsini, because of the absence of the proximal seta on the caudal ramus. It is closely related to Latinopsis Karanovic & Datry, 2009, because of the relatively short terminal segment of the mandibular palp (length less than 1.5 times the basal width, while this segment is longer than three times the basal width in Candonopsis) and the large and stout b-seta on the T1. However, it differs markedly from Latinopsis in the size and shape of the calcified inner lamellae of both valves and in the type of hemipenis. We also discuss the doubtful allocation of several other genera to the Candonopsini, raise Abcandonopsis Karanovic, 2004 to generic status and reassess the uncertain position of Candonopsis anisitsi Daday, 1905 within Latinopsis.

The Oligocene nannolith <i>Sphenolithus</i> evolutionary lineage: morphometrical insights from the palaeo-equatorial Pacific Ocean

Changes in morphology within the biostratigraphically important Oligocene nannofossil lineage, Sphenolithus predistentus, S. distentus and S. ciperoensis were investigated in carbonate sediments from the palaeo-equatorial Pacific Ocean Site 1218 in order to determine the nature of this evolutionary lineage. Using differences in their morphology and stratigraphical ranges, the aim of this study was to determine whether these taxa represent an anagenetic evolutionary lineage or a set of discrete species with overlapping stratigraphical ranges. A total of 1215 specimens from 12 samples were analysed morphometrically and the basal ratio, i.e. the ratio between the basal width and proximal cycle height, was identified as a key parameter for the study of this lineage. We conclude that S. distentus and S. predistentus are intergradational species forming an anagenetic lineage but that S. ciperoensis is a discrete species which evolved relatively abruptly in the Late Oligocene.

Point Typologies, Cultural Transmission, and the Spread of Bow-and-Arrow Technology in the Prehistoric Great Basin

Decrease in projectile point size around 1350 B.P. is commonly regarded as marking the replacement of the atlatl by the bow and arrow across the Great Basin. The point typology most widely employed in the Great Basin before about 1980 (the Berkeley typology) uses weight to distinguish larger dart points from smaller, but similarly shaped, arrow points. The typology commonly used today (the Monitor typology) uses basal width to distinguish wide-based dart points from narrow-based arrow points. The two typologies are in general agreement except in central Nevada, where some dart points are light, hence incorrectly typed by the Berkeley typology, and in eastern California, where some arrow points are wide-based, hence incorrectly typed by the Monitor typology. Scarce raw materials and resharpening may explain why dart points are sometimes light in central Nevada. That arrow point basal width is more variable in eastern California than central Nevada likely reflects differences in the cultural processes attending the spread and subsequent maintenance of bow-and-arrow technology in these two localities.