Developmental potency of goat embryos produced by intra cytoplasmic sperm injection and in vitro fertilization.

The objective of this study was to standardize novel intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique, production of goat embryos by ICSI, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and comparison of their developmental potency. Immobilized sperm from epididymal semen with breaking tail were injected to mature metaphase ii oocytes by sharp micropipette of 5 µm diameter, as well as in vitro fertilization was carried out. Icsi and IVF derived zygotes were cultured in rvcl-blast-bsa media after chemical activation with ionomycin, chx and 6-dmap. Sham injection was used as a control group. Results suggest that immobilized sperm with breaking tail microinjected by sharp injection pipette after chemical activation is an efficient approach for goat embryo production by ICSI. Satisfactory survival rate (83.2%) was found by using sharp injection pipette of 5 µm diameter. Chemical activation with ionomycin, chx and 6-dmap was found effective with activation rate of 63.33%. Developmental rate of 2 cell, 4–8 cell, 8–16 cell, morula, blastocyst in ICSI and IVF group was 74.44%, 63.33%, 44.44%, 23.33%, 14.44% and 65.16%, 57.42%, 49.03%, 38.71%, 23.23%, respectively. Upon comparison, significantly higher (p < 0.05) percentage of cleavage was found in ICSI group than IVF (73.40 ± 3.12% vs. 64.06 ± 2.44%, respectively). However, morula and blastocyst percentage was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in IVF group than ICSI (23.20 ± 2.73% vs. 37.90 ± 3.15% and 14.56 ± 1.75% vs. 21.05 ± 2.09%). It can be concluded that ICSI with sharp micropipette of 5 µm diameter can be applied to assisted reproduction for in vitro goat embryo production.

The consequences of fetal reduction for quintuplets after ICSI-ET

A 30-year-old primigravida who conceived following ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection) was admitted at 34 weeks of pregnancy with singleton fetus in breech presentation with Gestational diabetes and Gestational hypertension. To start with Quintuplets were diagnosed and she underwent fetal reduction of 3 foetuses at 14 weeks of pregnancy. Follow up USG revealed only one live fetus after one week. At LSCS (Lower Segment Caesarean Section) performed at 37 weeks, the placenta was found to be adherent and was manually removed. There was profuse bleeding after removal of placenta which was not controlled with uterine massage and uterotonics. Placental examination showed 3 fetus payraeceae. Intrauterine examination revealed an adherent fetus which was removed following which the haemorrhage stopped. In pregnancies following fetal reduction, postpartum haemorrhage can result due to retained fetus papyraceus and hence it is essential to make sure all papyraceae were removed.

Effect of the time interval between oocyte retrieval and ICSI on embryo development and reproductive outcomes: a systematic review

Background Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) laboratories. However, there is no consensus regarding the precise time intervals within ICSI cycles [oocyte pick up (OPU), oocyte denudation (DN), and ICSI], and results are inconsistent and contradictory. Thus, we aim to evaluate whether there is a concordance regarding the time intervals used in different laboratories and a concrete time that gives better laboratory and reproductive results. Methods A systematic review of the literature until July 25, 2020, was performed with the keywords “Oocyte Denudation/Denudation/Oocyte,” “Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection/ICSI,” “Oocyte/Oocyte maturation/ cumulus,” and “Cumulus removal/ removal.” Articles and abstracts in English and involving human subjects referring to the effects of oocyte DN time on embryo development and clinical outcomes were included. Results Of the 294 evaluated articles, 24 (including 20 full articles and 4 abstracts) were included in this review. Eighteen studies analysed the effect of OPU-DN time on embryo development and clinical outcomes. Most of these studies concluded that OPU-DN time did not influence ICSI outcomes, but some suggested that oocytes should be incubated for a short time before DN to improve oocyte maturity and enhance ICSI outcomes. In addition to reports on positive or negligible effects, adverse effects were reported in 12 studies on DN-ICSI timing. Neither OPU-DN nor DN-ICSI time could improve live birth rate. Conclusions Oocytes should be pre-incubated for a short duration (preferably < 4 h) before DN according to the ART laboratory schedule. More randomised controlled trials are warranted to clarify the effect of DN-ICSI timing on ICSI outcomes.