Cyclic Production Scheme for High WC and Low-Pressure Wells for Reservoir Management

Lower Burgan (LB) is one of the most mature reservoirs in north Kuwait divided in to 3 layers, first layer under partial depletion drive and suffer from low reservoir pressure, the second layer under edge-partial water drive and the last layer under active water drive. Increasing trend of water production and high GOR has become a big challenge to control the reservoir production, several of studies done to evaluate the best strategy to enhance the reservoir performance. A comprehensive review of the performance of the wells was conducted to diagnose the specific reason and necessary remedial measures to be adopted. The review included the assessment of the results of the material balance and numerical simulation studies, depletion strategies, wettability/ relative permeability footprints; proximity to the OWC; past completion practices, well integrity and the time lapse PNC/PLT/ Well testing data. Workflows were developed for the sublayers within the hydraulic unit for systematic water cut diagnostics and preventive steps. Identification of suitable technology to address water cut and GOR management was also done. The typical trend of water cut and GOR performance with time and the depletion strategy was established to add value to the ongoing production activities and well allowable for each hydraulic unit. Rate sensitive performance was analyzed for the integration into the production plans. Cyclic production is identified as one of the new ways to reduce the water production and maintain the production for the wells producing below the bubble point. The concept was tried at high water cut wells successfully to revive the well from about 100% to 87% water cut with a closure cycle for 3 month and sustaining the production for high GOR wells with good ESP performance. In addition, suitable candidates have been identified for Coning Control Completions to weaken the water encroachment into the downhole wellbore. The overall water cut for the reservoir has been stabilized during last one year, thus helping the water handling constraints at the gathering facility. This paper will discuss the successful approach to control coning and water encroachment for active Bottom and Edge-Water drive layer and how this approached helped to sustain the production on high GOR wells running below bubble point with necessary diagnostics and remedial measures.

Cyclic methane hydrate production stimulated with CO2 and N2

The cyclic methane hydrate production method was proposed with CO2 and N2 mixture stimulation. The cyclic production model was established based on actual hydrate reservoir parameters, accordingly, the production characteristics were analyzed, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted. The results show the following: (1) The depressurization mechanism is dominant in the cyclic production. CH4 production and CH4 hydrate dissociation can be greatly enhanced because the cyclic process can effectively reduce the partial pressure of CH4 (gas phase). However, there is a limited effect for CO2 storage. (2) Heat supply is essential for continuous hydrate dissociation. The CH4 hydrate dissociation degree is the highest in the near-wellbore area; in addition, the fluid porosity and effective permeability are significantly improved, and the reservoir temperature is obviously decreased. (3) The initial CH4 hydrate saturation, absolute permeability, intrinsic CO2 hydrate formation kinetic constant, injection time and production time can significantly influence the production performance of the natural gas hydrate reservoir.

Therapeutic tactics with violations of the menstrual cycle caused by ovulative dysfunction

Purpose: presentation of modern data on the pathogenesis of menstrual cycle disorders (NMCs) associated with ovulatory dysfunction, and the effectiveness of their treatment with medication.Basic provisions. It is shown that NMC is the result of violations of the cyclic production of gonadotropic and sex hormones. Among the hormonal drugs for the treatment of NMCs, combined estrogen-progestational oral contraceptives (COCs), especially those with drospirenone (DRSP), are advantageous. The introduction of calcium levomefolate - biologically active form of folatein the composition of COCs containing 30 μg of ethinylestradiol and DRSP has a potentiating effect associated with their noncontraceptive effects due to antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid activity. It was shown that calcium levomefolate, which participates in human body metabolism, as a component of COC, has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system (due to a decrease in the level of homocysteinemia) in the syndrome of polycystic ovaries, contributes to reducing obesity.Conclusion. The combination of 30EE/DRSP promotes the normalization of the menstrual cycle and has non-contraceptive effects associated with antiandrogenic and antimineralcorticoid action, and fortification with calcium levomefolate also has a positive effect on the hormonal profile and lipid metabolism, has a protective effect on cardiovascular diseases in women with the metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovaries, contributes to the normalization of weight.