Optimal Topology Formation and Adaptation of Integrated Access and Backhaul Networks

With the increasing densification of cellular networks, it has become exceedingly difficult to provide traditional fiber backhaul access to each cell site, which is especially true for small cell base stations (SBSs). The increasing maturity of millimeter wave (mmWave) communication coupled with multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming technologies has opened up the possibility of providing high-speed wireless backhaul to such cell sites. The third-generation partnership project (3GPP) is defining an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) architecture for the fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks, in which the same infrastructure and spectral resources are used for both the access and the backhaul. In IAB networks, SBSs, so-called IAB nodes, act either as relay nodes carrying the traffic through multiple hops from a macrocell to an end user and vice versa or as access points to serve user equipments (UEs) in their proximity. To this end, the topology of such IAB networks is essential to enable efficient traffic flow and minimize congestion or increase robustness to backhaul link failure. In this paper, we propose a topology formation algorithm together with methodologies to implement it in real networks and compare it with a standard random sequence approach as well as with an optimal topology obtained using dynamic programming. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the random sequence approach by 26% on average in terms of lower bound of the network capacity and is up to 99.7% close to the optimal solution, while being significantly less complex.

Telecommunication Network for Controlling the Processes of Micro-Sized Structures Topology Formation

The article is devoted to the task of organization of complex interaction between separate modules of technological installations for material processing. The basic principles of control software development of industrial laser systems for precision processing, the possibility of implementing remote control of the complex executing hardware are considered. The system application examples for solving problems of high-precision processing of transparent solid materials are shown.

Thin Platinum Films Topology Formation on Ceramic Membranes

This article presents the technological aspects of experiments on the stable topological patterns formation from thin films of platinum on ceramic membranes. Platinum thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on a clean or pre-activated laser ceramics surface. After the deposition of platinum films, the method of various short-term laser irradiation was attempted to form a topological pattern. The results are discussed.

Wavelength-Gated Photoreversible Polymerization and Topology Control

We exploit the wavelength dependence of [2+2] photocycloadditions and -reversions of styrylpyrene to exert unprecedented control over the photoreversible polymerization and topology of telechelic building blocks. Blue light affords high molar mass polymers that are stable at wavelengths exceeding 430 nm yet highly responsive to shorter wavelengths. UVB irradiation induces a rapid depolymerization yielding linear oligomers, whereas violet light generates cyclic entities. Different colors of light thus allow switching between a depolymerization that either proceeds through cyclic or linear topologies. The light-controlled topology formation was evidenced by correlation of mass spectrometry (MS) with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ion mobility data.<br>