The Spatial Structure of Yazd Courtyard Houses: A Space Syntax Analysis of the Topological Characteristics of the Courtyard

An important “architectural type” in Iranian history is the Yazd courtyard house. This historic building type features a walled boundary that contains a complex pattern of open (to the sky), semi-enclosed and enclosed spaces. The planning of the courtyard in these houses has typically been interpreted as either a response to changing socio-cultural values or to local climatic conditions. Such theories about the planning of these houses are based on a series of assumptions about (i) the numbers of courtyards and rooms they contain, (ii) their unchanging nature over time and (iii) a topological pattern existing in the relationship between the courtyard and the rest of the plan. Yet, these assumptions, all of which have an impact on the socio-cultural or climatic interpretation of this famous architectural type, have never been tested. In response, this paper uses a computational and mathematical method drawn from Space Syntax to measure the spatial topology of 37 plans of Yazd’s most significant courtyard houses. These houses, which are classified by the Yazd Cultural Heritage Organization, were constructed between the 11th and 20th CE centuries and are all exemplars of this type. This paper develops three hypotheses around the assumptions found in past research about the characteristic planning of the Yazd courtyard house. Then, using quantitative measures derived from plan graph analysis, the paper develops a series of longitudinal trends to test the hypotheses and explore changes that have occurred in this architectural type over time.

OCCURRENCE OF DEFECTS THE PRODUCTION OF MASKS

The article discusses the main stages of the route for the production of masks, during which defects are formed. The main defects and possible reasons for their appearance are given. A method of correcting defects in the form of punctures and undergrowth by the laser method is considered. The disadvantages of the laser method in correcting the elements of the topological pattern of masks are presented.

Modeling of an ultra-wideband GHz range antenna with recursive topology

For decades the development of telecommunications devices shows an inspiring progress. Nowadays, a wide range of multifunctional wireless telecommunications devices with small weight and size characteristics is being developed, since these are portable devices. One of the most important elements of such a device is the antenna. The antenna has a number of conflicting requirements: a wide frequency band, compact size, simple manufacturing technology, low price, the ability to work in several frequency bands, etc. One of the promising types of ultra-wideband antennas with a high gain is fractal antennas with a recursive topological pattern.

Electrophoretic deposition of Al-CuOx thermite materials on patterned electrodes for microenergetic applications

In this paper, the features and main nuances of electrophoretic deposition of energetic nanoscale powder materials based on Al and CuOx were investigated and formulated. We have successfully demonstrated the advantage of using suspension non-stop ultrasonic mixing and horizontal electrode placement during deposition. The possibility of local deposition of energetic materials on an electrically conductive topological pattern was shown. The influence of the mass of the deposited material on the behavior of the wave combustion process of a locally formed energetic material was investigated. This study provides guidance for the multiobjective optimization and increasing the reproducibility of the local electrophoretic deposition process of energetic materials. The results indicate that Al-CuOx mixture can be integrated into microenergy systems as a material with excellent specific energy characteristics and high combustion rate.

The Topology of Pediatric Structural Asymmetries in Language-Related Cortex

Structural asymmetries in language-related brain regions have long been hypothesized to underlie hemispheric language laterality and variability in language functions. These structural asymmetries have been examined using voxel-level, gross volumetric, and surface area measures of gray matter and white matter. Here we used deformation-based and persistent homology approaches to characterize the three-dimensional topology of brain structure asymmetries within language-related areas that were defined in functional neuroimaging experiments. Persistence diagrams representing the range of values for each spatially unique structural asymmetry were collected within language-related regions of interest across 212 children (mean age (years) = 10.56, range 6.39–16.92; 39% female). These topological data exhibited both leftward and rightward asymmetries within the same language-related regions. Permutation testing demonstrated that age and sex effects were most consistent and pronounced in the superior temporal sulcus, where older children and males had more rightward asymmetries. While, consistent with previous findings, these associations exhibited small effect sizes that were observable because of the relatively large sample. In addition, the density of rightward asymmetry structures in nearly all language-related regions was consistently higher than the density of leftward asymmetric structures. These findings guide the prediction that the topological pattern of structural asymmetries in language-related regions underlies the organization of language.

Thin Platinum Films Topology Formation on Ceramic Membranes

This article presents the technological aspects of experiments on the stable topological patterns formation from thin films of platinum on ceramic membranes. Platinum thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on a clean or pre-activated laser ceramics surface. After the deposition of platinum films, the method of various short-term laser irradiation was attempted to form a topological pattern. The results are discussed.

LED ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE UNIT WITH ADJUSTABLE EXPOSURE TIME

The possibilities of improving the quality of the topological pattern in the exposure of thick-film photoresists due to uniform irradiation with ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are investigated. The results of an experimental study of the developed LED ultraviolet photolithographic irradiator with a controlled exposure time are presented.