Quantitative Identification Cracks of Heritage Rock Based on Digital Image Technology

Digital image processing technologies are used to extract and evaluate the cracks of heritage rock in this paper. Firstly, the image needs to go through a series of image preprocessing operations such as graying, enhancement, filtering and binaryzation to filter out a large part of the noise. Then, in order to achieve the requirements of accurately extracting the crack area, the image is again divided into the crack area and morphological filtering. After evaluation, the obtained fracture area can provide data support for the restoration and protection of heritage rock. In this paper, the cracks of heritage rock are extracted in three different locations.The results show that the three groups of rock fractures have different effects on the rocks, but they all need to be repaired to maintain the appearance of the heritage rock.

INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF LIQUID MIXTURES FOR SMOKING. DETERMINATION OF SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS AND α-PVP

The purpose of the article is to highlight the possibility of quantitative identification of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues in the context of studying the composition of liquid mixtures for smoking (vapes), to propose a method. Methodology. A set of general scientific and special methods was used to achieve this goal. In particular, using theoretical methods (analysis, generalization, comparison, modeling), systematized theoretical materials on the problems to be solved; the state of practical elaboration of the problem is empirically determined; organizational and experimental means (diagnostic, ascertaining, formative, corrective experiment) in combination with qualitative analysis and mathematical processing of the obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method. The reliability of the results is ensured by the use of modern instrumental physicochemical, mathematical, statistical methods of analysis, as well as software processing of experimental data. Scientific novelty. The composition of liquid mixtures for smoking was determined using physicochemical methods of research, for the first time the possibility of quantitative identification of synthetic cannabinoids and α-PVP in the composition of vapes was proved. Conclusions. The composition of liquid mixtures for smoking (vapes) was determined and the possibility of quantitative identification of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues using various instrumental methods based on modern scientific research, in particular the content of synthetic cannabinoids and α-PVP in liquid mixtures for smoking by thin-layer, gas chromatography and using mass spectrometry. The effectiveness of current methods of researching synthetic cannabinoids was tested on specific examples and a contribution was made to the future development of methods for studying the composition of drug-containing liquid mixtures for smoking and those containing psychotropic substances, the demand for which is currently growing on the world market and in Ukraine. A method for isolating synthetic cannabinoids and α-PVP from a solution of smoking mixtures has been developed. The general approaches to the choice of the scheme of research of synthetic narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances depending on the questions, form (liquid), type and quantity of the objects submitted for research are offered.

Establishment of quantitative RNAi-based forward genetics in Entamoeba histolytica and identification of genes required for growth

While Entamoeba histolytica remains a globally important pathogen, it is dramatically understudied. The tractability of E. histolytica has historically been limited, which is largely due to challenging features of its genome. To enable forward genetics, we constructed and validated the first genome-wide E. histolytica RNAi knockdown mutant library. This library allows for Illumina deep sequencing analysis for quantitative identification of mutants that are enriched or depleted after selection. We developed a novel analysis pipeline to precisely define and quantify gene fragments. We used the library to perform the first RNAi screen in E. histolytica and identified slow growth (SG) mutants. Among genes targeted in SG mutants, many had annotated functions consistent with roles in cellular growth or metabolic pathways. Some targeted genes were annotated as hypothetical or lacked annotated domains, supporting the power of forward genetics in uncovering functional information that cannot be gleaned from databases. While the localization of neither of the proteins targeted in SG1 nor SG2 mutants could be predicted by sequence analysis, we showed experimentally that SG1 localized to the cytoplasm and cell surface, while SG2 localized to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of SG1 led to increased growth, while expression of a truncation mutant did not lead to increased growth, and thus aided in defining functional domains in this protein. Finally, in addition to establishing forward genetics, we uncovered new details of the unusual E. histolytica RNAi pathway. These studies dramatically improve the tractability of E. histolytica and open up the possibility of applying genetics to improve understanding of this important pathogen.

An Indirect Method for the Quantitative Identification of Unstable Rock

Under the influence of continuous external factors (rainfall, earthquake, construction, etc.), the slope rock mass in a stable state gradually transited to an unstable rock, and then the unstable rock collapsed. However, a safety factor can identify the occurrence of failure but cannot identify the transition of stable rock to unstable rock; thus, it cannot realise the quantitative identification of unstable rocks. In this study, safety factor of adhesion (SFA ) and a relatively objective analysis method are proposed to effectively identify unstable rocks. SFA can be calculated by natural vibration frequency and applied as a mechanical index to judge unstable rock. When SFA is less than 1, the rock is defined as an unstable rock. Compared with the traditional method, the new method has the merits of simple operation, low cost and higher efficiency, and provides a relatively complete quantitative evaluation index and judgment criteria for quantitative identification of unstable rocks for engineers who are engaged in early warning and prevention of rock collapse.