The Phenomenon of Simone Weil as “Excess” and “Lack” in the Symbolic Structure of Philosophical Language: a Personalist Approach

Simone Weil as a subject of philosophizing is the effect of excess, vacuum, or scarcity in the harmoniously coordinated system of paradigms that make up the indicators of intellectual language. Her concept of “God-absence” (silence) as the negative presence of God in the sacred experience of the atheist is a paradox of meeting with God through a metaphysical break with religious orthodoxy. The article analyzes the synchrony and diachrony of S. Weil’s views from materialism to spiritualism in interdisciplinary discourse outside the linear stages and sectoral fragmentation on the methodological basis of personalism. The author pays special attention to reading S. Weil’s autobiographical essay Waiting for God and her Diaries. In these works, S. Weil as an expression of the semiotic unity of the life and the text describes his own experience of emptiness, the Other, attention, desire, faith, dis-belief, love, encounter with Christ. Analysis of the works of famous philosophers and theologians gives grounds to conclude that the views of S. Weil had an impact on modern psychoanalysis, philosophy of dialogue, critical theory, traditionalism, phenomenology.

Features of the manifestation of transfer in students in the educational process

The construction of transfer in relations is given a central place in the theoretical foundations of the psychodynamic approach. The uniqueness of transference, noted by Freud in 1912, is actively investigated in modern psychoanalysis and is considered not only within the framework of psychotherapeutic practice, but also woven into the problems of professional and personal relationships. The most complex and less studied, for the assessment of portable relationships, is the mental reality of the learning process, which includes the dynamics of individual moments of interaction of its participants and is based on the experience of previous relationships. This determined the idea of the study, which includes the study of the connection of the recreated past social experience of students in current relations with participants in the educational process. The purpose of the study was to study the features of the manifestation of transfer in students in the relationship “teacher-student” and “student-student”. The empirical study was conducted in 2020-2021, and, which preceded it, the analysis of scientific articles on the information platform made it possible to determine the directions of modern studies of transfer and highlight the most relevant indicators of its manifestation in the educational space of the university. Indicators of student relations are collected using the methodology “Questionnaire of interpersonal relations” by V. Schutz and evaluated in the relationship “student-teacher”, “student-student”. To study the manifestation of transfer in students within the framework of their relations in the space of the educational process, an author's questionnaire was developed, based on the provisions of the questionnaire of L. Luborski's helping relations. The results of empirical research in the form of correlation analysis of manifestations of transfer and indicators of relations within the framework of the student-teacher and student-student relations are presented. The results showed that in relations with classmates, the manifestation of transfer has a more rigid structure and this is expressed in a more active manifestation of transference, and in relations with the teacher, students are more prone to show autonomy, maintain control and are less focused on his social status.

THE DIAGNOSTICS OF PERSONAL PROBLEMS OF WOMEN’S SELF-ACTUALIZATION BY METHOD OF KATATHYM IMAGINATIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY

The article deals with the problem of psychodiagnosis of personal problems of woman self-actualization by the method of katathym-imaginative psychotherapy. The current situation of self-actualization as a subject of study is considered. Different approaches to this topic are singled out, namely: self-actualization as a part of the structure of theories of personal development, connection of self-actualization with professional realization of a person, as well as features of woman self-actualization. According to theoretical and methodological materials, it was found that the specificity of woman self-actualization lies in the conflict of roles, namely in the priority of the role of wife, housekeeper over professional realization. It is also determined that the course of the conflict of roles is always personal, which is why it requires a qualitative diagnostic technics. It is noted that the method of the guided imagery (katathym-imaginative approach) having the basis of classical and modern psychoanalysis allows the psychologist to effectively diagnose and work with the client's personal conflict. The guided imagery as a method has three mechanisms of the psychotherapy influence: conflict, resource and creative. It is established that due to the combination of these components in the method, the client perceives the deepness of the work more easily and it is less likely to experience resistance. Based on empirical research, it was proved that the main motives of katathym-imaginative psychotherapy, namely “Meadow” and “Tree” are effective in diagnostic of the individual self-actualization features. A full description of the task motives was provided, as well as a detailed review of the work with the received materials. It is determined that the guided imagery helps the client to formulate his true request at work, as well as to realize and express their worries and feelings about self-realization. Qualitative changes in the self-esteem of the client were demonstrated, which also reflects the psycho-correctional effectiveness of the katathym-imaginative method of psychotherapy.

Traditions of Understanding in Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysts try to facilitate their patients’ grasp and understanding of themselves. Since the mid-19th century, we have two conceptions of understanding. In one tradition, we need to suspect presented pictures and try to get “behind” facades in order to grasp the “true” self. In this tradition we get a hold of ourselves if we look for the origins: we need to see where we come from. In the other tradition we should not try to “tear off the masks”, but start a dialogue with the text or person we try to understand. If we succeed in this, the truth “steps forward”. In this conception we need to move on to goals and positions not yet attained. According to the general view Freud belongs to the first tradition. The author asks how we view understanding in modern psychoanalysis. Through a reading of (1) the Boston Change Process Study Group, (2) Peter Fonagy and Mary Target and (3) Veikko and Riitta Tähkä he concludes that we in psychoanalysis have moved from the first to the second tradition. He discusses what inferences we should draw regarding technique and theory, concentrating on the phenomena and concepts of interpretation and the unconscious.

Wishfulness

This chapter discusses The Mill on the Floss and W. R. Bion that both care about sympathy and render it as paramystical and real, as a kind of unconscious communication. It points out fantasies of breaking novelistic, provincial, and subjective frames and reveals wishful thinking as the disavowed basis of George Eliot's theory of social realism. In The Mill on the Floss, books and subjectivities overflow like rivers. The key psychoanalytic interlocutor in the chapter is Bion, whose unconventional ideas fundamentally altered modern psychoanalysis in the 1960s and 1970s, and yet remain opaque to nonspecialists. The chapter also argues that The Mill on the Floss constructs an intersubjective model of mind that helps to shape Bion's later theories of unconscious communication. In turn, Bion's work helps to uncover Eliot's deeper aim in the novel: not necessarily to strengthen social sympathies, but to animate psychic processes in generative, unpredictable ways.