Changes in the System of Students Life Values in the Russian Far East in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

The current historical period of human history is characterized by hard challenges caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic, which inevitably leads to transformations in human consciousness and value-and-meaning sphere. Studies of this aspect are becoming increasingly topical. The article studies the value-and-meaning sphere of full-time students in the context of distance learning and forced isolation. The authors compare the results of two data slices made in 2018–2019 and 2020. The research involved 701 students aged 18–24. The first stage of the research in 2018–2019 academic year involved 295 young people (102 males and 193 females). The second stage was in May 2020 during the lockdown the number of respondents was 406 young people (85 males and 321 females). The authors of the article used E.B. Fantalova’s research conception of the correlation of «value» and «affordability» in various life spheres. The results show a significant difference between students’ pre- and post-pandemic value benchmarks. During the pandemic, we see a pronounced intra-personal conflict between a value and affordability in students’ meaningful life spheres. This gap between a need for achieving internally important values and affordability of this achievement is more significant in relation to an active life style, health, an interesting job, beauty of the nature, arts and freedom. Self-isolation has worsened internal conflicts and the feeling of psychological welfare has faded. The shift in students’ value-and-meaning priorities in the context of the pandemic requires working out new strategies of personal and vocational self-realization, and searching for ways of saving health optimal psychological resources.

THE PECULIARITIES OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-ACTUALIZATION OF STUDENTS-PSYCHOLOGISTS WHO EXPERIENCING THE CRISIS OF PROFESSIONAL READINESS

The article is devoted to the problem of features of professional self-actualization of students-psychologists living in crisis of professional readiness. The definition of the term self-actualization and professional self-actualization among the works of domestic, Russian and foreign scientists is considered. In particular, professional self-actualization is defined as a complex multilevel phenomenon, a process of directed activity aimed at progress in one's own professional development, which is conditioned by the disclosure of one's own professional potential. Three approaches to the study of self-actualization in the professional sphere are highlighted: subject-activity, where professional activity is the main basis for self-actualization of the individual, due to difficulties and internal contradictions; personal development, where professional self-actualization leads to profound internal changes and forms and professional maturity; acmeological, in which professional self-actualization is the achievement of the highest level of professionalism, professional and personal maturity ("acme"). The concept of crisis of professional readiness and features of living of crisis by psychology students are analyzed. It is noted that the level of experiences of the crisis of professional readiness is the most intense among other normative crises of professional training. The peculiarities of the crisis development are highlighted: the contradiction between the awareness of the beginning of professional activity and at the same time the lack of readiness. The intra-personal conflict between learning motivations and professional motivation is determined. A number of features of professional self-actualization of students-psychologists and their interrelation with the crisis of professional readiness are considered.

The Fall of Vannevar Bush

Vannevar Bush was at the forefront of American research policy during World War II, but he suffered a steep fall after the war, and by 1948 had left government service altogether. What motivated such a significant loss of influence? Drawing on previously unexamined sources, this article traces the causes of Bush’s decline in authority to his loss of powerful allies, particularly with the death of Franklin Roosevelt and the retirement of Henry Stimson; to his long-standing feuds with military leaders; and to several political missteps on Bush’s part that alienated figures in Congress and elsewhere. Continued examples of personal conflict in the postwar period not only impacted Bush’s career, but also shaped the structure of the resulting institutions that emerged to fund Cold War–era science. Rather than an abrupt change occurring immediately after the war, the postwar transition to public institutions was both gradual and influenced by the personal networks that preceded it. Bush’s quiet departure from government was tied to the emergence of military dominance in American research, largely at the expense of civilian scientific leaders. Such a shift in control of research policy had a dramatic effect on resulting postwar initiatives, closely connecting scientific advancements to national security.

The fabrics of machine moderation: Studying the technical, normative, and organizational structure of Perspective API

Over recent years, the stakes and complexity of online content moderation have been steadily raised, swelling from concerns about personal conflict in smaller communities to worries about effects on public life and democracy. Because of the massive growth in online expressions, automated tools based on machine learning are increasingly used to moderate speech. While ‘design-based governance’ through complex algorithmic techniques has come under intense scrutiny, critical research covering algorithmic content moderation is still rare. To add to our understanding of concrete instances of machine moderation, this article examines Perspective API, a system for the automated detection of ‘toxicity’ developed and run by the Google unit Jigsaw that can be used by websites to help moderate their forums and comment sections. The article proceeds in four steps. First, we present our methodological strategy and the empirical materials we were able to draw on, including interviews, documentation, and GitHub repositories. We then summarize our findings along five axes to identify the various threads Perspective API brings together to deliver a working product. The third section discusses two conflicting organizational logics within the project, paying attention to both critique and what can be learned from the specific case at hand. We conclude by arguing that the opposition between ‘human’ and ‘machine’ in speech moderation obscures the many ways these two come together in concrete systems, and suggest that the way forward requires proactive engagement with the design of technologies as well as the institutions they are embedded in.

Life dissatisfaction among students: exploring the role of intrapersonal conflict, insufficient efforts and academic stress

Purpose The study focuses on academic stress among the students due to insufficient efforts and intrapersonal conflicts amid the COVID-19 situation. The purpose of this study is to measure the mediating role of academic stress between life dissatisfaction and adequate steps and intrapersonal conflicts. Design/methodology/approach The researcher had surveyed 729 students from the two states, including Haryana and Punjab and 716 responses were used for analysis. These respondents were approached in April–May 2020 to explore the impact of COVID-19. The questionnaire was prepared with the help of Google form, including 29 questions. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to validate the research model and for testing the hypothesis. Findings The findings indicate that intra-personal conflict and insufficient efforts have a significant positive relation with academic stress. Also, intrapersonal conflict and insufficient efforts have a significant positive relation with life dissatisfaction. It has been reported that academic stress mediates the relationship between life dissatisfaction and intra-personal conflict. The results also reveal that academic stress is positively and significantly associated with life dissatisfaction. Originality/value This is one of the few studies that explored the mediating role of academic stress between life dissatisfaction and insufficient efforts and intrapersonal conflicts.

THE DIAGNOSTICS OF PERSONAL PROBLEMS OF WOMEN’S SELF-ACTUALIZATION BY METHOD OF KATATHYM IMAGINATIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY

The article deals with the problem of psychodiagnosis of personal problems of woman self-actualization by the method of katathym-imaginative psychotherapy. The current situation of self-actualization as a subject of study is considered. Different approaches to this topic are singled out, namely: self-actualization as a part of the structure of theories of personal development, connection of self-actualization with professional realization of a person, as well as features of woman self-actualization. According to theoretical and methodological materials, it was found that the specificity of woman self-actualization lies in the conflict of roles, namely in the priority of the role of wife, housekeeper over professional realization. It is also determined that the course of the conflict of roles is always personal, which is why it requires a qualitative diagnostic technics. It is noted that the method of the guided imagery (katathym-imaginative approach) having the basis of classical and modern psychoanalysis allows the psychologist to effectively diagnose and work with the client's personal conflict. The guided imagery as a method has three mechanisms of the psychotherapy influence: conflict, resource and creative. It is established that due to the combination of these components in the method, the client perceives the deepness of the work more easily and it is less likely to experience resistance. Based on empirical research, it was proved that the main motives of katathym-imaginative psychotherapy, namely “Meadow” and “Tree” are effective in diagnostic of the individual self-actualization features. A full description of the task motives was provided, as well as a detailed review of the work with the received materials. It is determined that the guided imagery helps the client to formulate his true request at work, as well as to realize and express their worries and feelings about self-realization. Qualitative changes in the self-esteem of the client were demonstrated, which also reflects the psycho-correctional effectiveness of the katathym-imaginative method of psychotherapy.

Transcribing in ESL: An Investigation into Role, Accuracy, and Skills

The role, accuracy, and skills of a team of ESL researchers who transcribed more than 3,000 English language learning histories (LLH) from university students in Hong Kong is examined in this paper. The paper provides an insight into the role of transcribers, how they approach their work, the problems they face, and how they overcome them including the conflict of their prior English language learning. A self-administered semi-structured interview and thematic analysis were used in this qualitative study. The findings show that transcribers learned experientially as they combined project guidelines and prior experience to achieve accuracy Transcribers feel more comfortable working on data that is closer to their English as a second language (ESL) background; however, this also contributed to personal conflict such as correcting grammatical errors. The outcomes suggest training, clear guidelines from supervisors, and incorporating feedback from transcribers can improve the richness and accuracy of data which is of great importance to second language data collection.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF CHANGING THE PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF THE PERSONALITY IN ADULTS

The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of professional orientation of the personality and the analysis of psychological factors that affect its change in the period of 30-36 years. The characteristic of this age period is given and the causesof disharmonies in the inner world of the personality are revealed, as well as their connection with the nature of the interaction of the vectors ideals-senses-values is explained and illustrated. It is noted that the divergence of ideals, senses and values predetermines uncertainty in the direction of professional self-realization, provokes an internal personal conflict, a certain dissonance, which we can call spiritual and professional dissonance. The essence of the concept of spiritual and professional dissonance of the personality is outlined and the stages of psychological assistance to the client in the process of working on his value-semantic sphere are revealed. The given material is summarized and promising directions of future research within the framework of the topic under study are revealed

Analisis Yuridis Pembatalan Hak Untuk Melakukan Perkawinan Antara Sesama Pekerja Dalam Satu Perusahaan (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 13/PUU-XV/2017)

Currently, there are several companies that make regulations that require the workers to resign or even be willing to be laid off if they decide to marry another worker in the company. Some of the reasons are preventing personal conflict, subjectivity, corruption, collusion and nepotism. The formulation of the problem in this research is what is the background of the provisions regarding the prohibition of marriage between fellow workers in one company, how is the analysis of the judges legal considerations in the decision Number 13 / PUU-XV / 2017, what is the impact of the Constitutional Court decision on the inclusion of clauses prohibiting intermarriage between workers.The results showed that the background of the provisions concerning the prohibition of marriage between fellow workers in one company is to maintain a professional attitude of workers when carrying out their work in order to maintain the company's existence in the world of business competition. Another reason is that it refers to Article 153 paragraph (1) letter f of Law Number 13 of 2003 so that this provision is used as a reason for employers to prohibit marital ties for fellow workers in their company. The legal consideration of the judge in decision Number 13 / PUU-XV / 2017 is clear that Article 153 paragraph (1) letter f of the Labour Laws is no longer valid, because the phrase unless it has been regulated in a work agreement, company regulation, or collective working agreement is contrary to the Constitution 1945 and has no binding legal force. The impact of the Constitutional Court's decision on the inclusion of a clause on the prohibition of marriage is that employers cannot state the reasons for dismissal of workers who have marital ties to other workers in the same office in the employment agreements, company regulations or collective working agreements, so that if the entrepreneur includes it, it is considered to have violated the decision of the Constitutional Court. Keywords: Cancellation of the Rights, Marriage, Workers, One Company.

Structured personal conflict as a main determinant of intragroup conflict: a study in Mexico

Managers can spot and target the common driving forces of conflicting employees to ensure their efficiency and productivity. The aim of this research is to provide evidence for the existence of a personal profile, named in this work Structured Personal Conflict, which is present in intragroup conflicts, traditionally studied based on the factoring of conflicts of processes, results and relationships. More than 400 questionnaires were distributed by mail among workers from different organizations and jobs in Mexico, the methodology used the information of 201 usable questionnaires. Various goodness-of-fit tests obtained were applied and rival models were compared using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (AFC). As a result, it was found that structured personal conflict can be estimated from the intragroup conflicts of processes, results and relationships, and that it has a greater explanatory power than either of them individually. The importance of structured personal conflict in the personnel selection and in the performance of teams should be emphasized.