Recent progress in the synthesis of novel two-dimensional van der Waals materials

ABSTRACT The last decade has witnessed the significant progress of physical fundamental research and great success of practical application in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials since the discovery of graphene in 2004. Up to date, the vdW material is still a vibrant and fast expanding field, where tremendous reports have been published covering the topics from cutting-edge quantum technology to urgent green energy and so on. Here, we briefly reviewed the emerging hot physical topics and the intriguing materials, such as 2D topological materials, piezoelectric materials, ferroelectric materials, magnetic materials and twistronic heterostructures. Then various vdW material synthetic strategies were discussed in detail concerning the growth mechanisms, preparation conditions and the typical examples. Finally, prospects and further opportunities in the booming field of 2D materials were addressed.

The Problem of the Influence of Possible Worlds on the Nature of Their Perception under the Conditions of Various Fundamental Physical Principles

The article is devoted to the problem of interpreting of the several consequences that derive from multi-world concepts of modern physics. The inflation scenario and the associated string landscape model are the objects of analysis. The reviewed multi-world concepts are exposed to presume the existence of a plenitude (possibly infinite) of various fundamental principles (laws of nature) that govern the physics of one or another possible reality. The research is based on the hermeneutical method, comparative method, dialectical method, formal translation method, and scientific modeling method. The author represents specifics of physical theories (the criteria and requirements for them) that claim to describe all possible worlds in the conclusions. In this regard, the issues of the status of “possible” and “impossible” worlds and practicable ways to determine them are discussed. The main result of the study is the justification (based on the assumption of many fundamentally different worlds scenario possibility) that each type of world must correspond to a certain structure of consciousness defined by its basic physical principles (and probably other mathematics). This possibly means that a unified “theory of everything” that includes all possible mathematical and physical fundamental structures cannot exist since every one of them determines a specific type of consciousness (where it is possible).

The Problem of the Influence of Possible Worlds on the Nature of Their Perception under the Conditions of Various Fundamental Physical Principles

The article is devoted to the problem of interpreting of the several consequences that derive from multi-world concepts of modern physics. The inflation scenario and the associated string landscape model are the objects of analysis. The reviewed multi-world concepts are exposed to presume the existence of a plenitude (possibly infinite) of various fundamental principles (laws of nature) that govern the physics of one or another possible reality. The research is based on the hermeneutical method, comparative method, dialectical method, formal translation method, and scientific modeling method. The author represents specifics of physical theories (the criteria and requirements for them) that claim to describe all possible worlds in the conclusions. In this regard, the issues of the status of “possible” and “impossible” worlds and practicable ways to determine them are discussed. The main result of the study is the justification (based on the assumption of many fundamentally different worlds scenario possibility) that each type of world must correspond to a certain structure of consciousness defined by its basic physical principles (and probably other mathematics). This possibly means that a unified “theory of everything” that includes all possible mathematical and physical fundamental structures cannot exist since every one of them determines a specific type of consciousness (where it is possible).

Review and Perspective on Approaches of Evaluating Cleavage Fracture Toughness of Pressure Vessel Steels

Although efforts have been made to establish cleavage fracture model in the past 30 years or so, uncertainties remain in predicting the cleavage fracture toughness behavior of pressure vessel steels in the transition region. Confusions may be raised in cases such as that there are still outliers while ASME fracture toughness curve indexed to the reference temperature is generally considered as very conservative. The advantage and potentials of using Finite Element method to predict the cleavage fracture behavior of irradiated materials are obvious. However, its effectiveness depends on the rightness of the physical model and criteria established. In this paper, approaches of describing cleavage fracture toughness of pressure vessel steels in the transition region are discussed and compared. The need for focusing on the physical fundamental and criteria of cleavage fracture is addressed.