Explaining Online Fraud Victimization of Older Adults via Cyber Routines and Lifestyles

The paper compares victim group characteristics: the differences between individuals under 55 and 55 and older, victimized by online fraud committed by a stranger. We test Cyber-Routine Activities Theory (cyber-RAT; Choi, 2008). In addition to active online lifestyle and computer familiarity, we include in the analysis independent variables such as living arrangements, occupation, and the willingness to report and ask for help. A representative sample of US citizens 18 or older was collected using a Dynata research panel in October 2020. We utilized one-way ANOVA on ranks for testing whether older and younger victims’ characteristics can be derived from the same independent variables. We find that older victims differ in characteristics from younger victims. Those who live alone or in a marriage with no children, and retired are significantly less victimized by online fraud than those who live with a partner and children and having full-time jobs. Besides, they are less likely to report their victimization, and their online activities and computer familiarity make them more vulnerable to online fraud than younger adults. Our findings suggest that older victims need prevention and intervention solutions designed especially for them. In an aging society, individuals will be increasingly active online and in the job market. Employers must provide internet security training for employees on manipulative online scams. Crime prevention programs must include awareness-raising on the role of reporting and how to ask for help. Relatives, friends, and caretakers need to be trained in preventing and early recognizing online fraud impacting older adults.

Overcoming Trusting Barriers in Inter-organizational Identity Theft Prevention in Knowledge Sharing: A Case of UK Retailing Industry

Inter-organizational knowledge sharing basically connects two or more firms with one another in exchange relationship for skills, expertise and knowledgeable personnel. Knowledge plays a key role in organizational performance but it is given a very little attention in terms of information security and requires addressing security concerns due to following reasons: First, because retailing is the most victimized channel due to online trade. Second, if organizational criminal wings can compromise the information system of one firm, they can attack other firms too. Hence, identity theft is a collective problem. A security breach is among the top three business stories and identity theft is the key reason why it occurs in online retailing. Identity theft is a serious issue of society at a large and its prevention requires knowledge sharing by several actors. Through different case studies, interviews and theoretical and empirical analysis, this study highlights some unknown side of prevention collaboration in the retail industry in the United Kingdom (UK) which is of theoretical and practical importance. This paper theoretically furthers our understanding of how communication of organizations with comparable goals is handled differently in information security management. Practically, it evaluates relationships of retailing firms, online fraud forums and law enforcement departments in the fraud prevention process. Our research outlines how retailers' partnerships with different stakeholders will help them solve and reduce identity theft by presenting a structure for inter-organizational fraud prevention in retailing organizations.

Examining User Verification Schemes, Safety and Secrecy Issues Affecting M-Banking: Systematic Literature Review

Nowadays, movable banking apps are thriving in international pecuniary market due to its flexibility and convenience, especially during COVID-19 pandemic lock-down. Despites these benefits, its development continues to face a lot of challenges due to security, privacy, and authentication issues, especially in developing nations where elegant technologies and explicit cyberspace laws remain an issue. This study used PRISMA approach to systematically reviewed present m-banking studies with aims of identifying other security and privacy issues, and user authentication schemes challenges. Six scholarly databases of; IEEE Xplore, EBSCOhost, Science Direct, Scopus, Taylor and Francis, and Web of Science were searched. 38 articles were carefully read and analyzed meticulously. The study results exposed customers fear of third-party intrusion through other apps, device lost or theft with account information, financial loses, and absence of clear cyberspace laws to be the main safety and privacy issues. Also, the results found that the present authentication schemes used by banks are becoming weak and open to various attacks due to increase in online fraud. Thus, proposed two frameworks for investigating other dimensions of risk and trust factors, and for design of new user authentication scheme. Lastly, missing gaps in current studies, and direction for upcoming studies are mentioned.

Examining User Verification Schemes, Safety and Secrecy Issues Affecting M-Banking: Systematic Literature Review

Nowadays, movable banking apps are thriving in international pecuniary market due to its flexibility and convenience, especially during COVID-19 pandemic lock-down. Despites these benefits, its development continues to face a lot of challenges due to security, privacy, and authentication issues, especially in developing nations where elegant technologies and explicit cyberspace laws remain an issue. This study used PRISMA approach to systematically reviewed present m-banking studies with aims of identifying other security and privacy issues, and user authentication schemes challenges. Six scholarly databases of; IEEE Xplore, EBSCOhost, Science Direct, Scopus, Taylor and Francis, and Web of Science were searched. 38 articles were carefully read and analyzed meticulously. The study results exposed customers fear of third-party intrusion through other apps, device lost or theft with account information, financial loses, and absence of clear cyberspace laws to be the main safety and privacy issues. Also, the results found that the present authentication schemes used by banks are becoming weak and open to various attacks due to increase in online fraud. Thus, proposed two frameworks for investigating other dimensions of risk and trust factors, and for design of new user authentication scheme. Lastly, missing gaps in current studies, and direction for upcoming studies are mentioned.

How Online Fraud Victims are Targeted in China: A Crime Script Analysis of Baidu Tieba C2C Fraud

E-commerce is the practice of purchasing, selling, transferring, and exchanging goods, services, or information through the Internet, a computer, and/or other devices. With the development of e-commerce markets, fraud is increasingly reported. This study uses a crime script analysis to examine how customer-to-customer (C2C) fraud occurs on China’s online platforms with a particular focus on the online marketplace Baidu Tieba and Tencent QQ, a tool that allows customers to make contact and negotiate deals and payment methods. The findings demonstrate that C2C fraud develops through pre-operation, operation, finalization, and exit stages, sharing commonalities with other online identity fraud processes. Implications for policy and interventions are also discussed in regard to e-commerce fraud in China and elsewhere.

Usability, Security and Trust of E-commerce Websites: The effect on the Nigerian E-shopper

With the internet fast-penetrating the Nigerian populace, e-commerce businesses have become commonplace, this has given rise to an increase in the number of Nigerians shopping online. However, there is a growing concern that most Nigerian e-shoppers prefer foreign to local online shops, resulting in an online fund-leak from the local economy. This work presents a comparative analysis of the usability of e-commerce websites in Nigeria, highlights the key findings viz: security and lack of trust. The findings were then related to why Nigerians prefer shopping from foreign rather than local e-commerce websites. We argued that for e-commerce to thrive; usability should be given prime consideration, security should be guaranteed and trust-building ethos is practiced. We conclude that despite the ‘pay on delivery’ mode applied by e-commerce websites to woo customers and gain trust, the insecurity posed by the prevalence of online fraud in Nigeria has created apprehension and distrust among Nigerians towards local e-commerce websites and is contributing to why Nigerians prefer to buy from foreign rather than local e-commerce websites.

Fraud and its relationship to pandemics and economic crises: from Spanish flu to COVID-19

This report seeks to draw out the common characteristics of frauds associated with pandemics, and to identify any risks unique to pandemics and financial crises, beginning with the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, as the closest to COVID-19 in the modern era. It summarises the general influence of the internet or remote intrusions on contemporary frauds and allied corporate/ organised crimes against individuals, businesses and government, using plausibly reliable data from Australia and the United Kingdom as indicative of more general trends. The report identifies some novel crime types and methodologies arising during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 that were not seen in previous pandemics. These changes may result from public health measures taken in response to COVID-19, the current state of technologies and the activities of law enforcement and regulatory guardians. The report notes that many frauds occur whatever the state of the economy, but that some specific frauds occur during pandemics, especially online fraud. Similarly, some previously occurring frauds are revealed by economic crises, while frauds arising from and causing insolvencies are stimulated by economic crises. The report concludes with a discussion of the policy implications for prevention, resilience and for private and public policing and criminal justice in Australia. It stresses the need for plans for future pandemics and economic crises to include provisions for better early monitoring and control of fraud and procurement corruption.