Development of Students' Pedagogical Abilities through Socio-Psychological Training

The research is devoted to the study of the effect of socio-psychological training on the development of pedagogical abilities in rising teachers. The study involved 88 full-time five-year students of the Xxxx Academy (Moscow) and four-year students of Xxxx University (Taldykorgan). The goal was achieved based on a system of special tasks with the involvement of socio-psychological trainings. The experiment and research were carried out for 6 months. The standard devia-tion in the sample and the Student's t-test were studied for the experimental and control groups. The result of the post-test is the opposite; thus, the mean value of the experimental group is higher than that of the control group. The study re-vealed that there is a weak positive relationship between age and pedagogical abil-ities (r <0.2). The results of the study also indicate a positive correlation between gender and pedagogical abilities (r> 0.3). Thus, in accordance with the goal set, it was determined that socio-psychological training improves students' pedagogical abilities. The results of this study can be recommended to teachers of universities and training centers, as well as pedagogical students.

Forest canopy influence on the precision of location with GPS receivers

This article presents the results of a test of three GPS receivers of GIS category (Topcon Turbo G1, Topcon, Magellan ProMark X-CM, Magellan, March II-E, Corvalis Microtechnology) in location under the entire cover of forest canopy. A network of 111 experimental points was established in the territory of Training Forest Enterprise (TFE) of the Technical University Zvolen, Forest District Kováčová, in variable forest and terrain conditions. Location of the points was measured by an exact terrestrial geodetic method and consequently by all receivers. To evaluate the location precision of each receiver we used the method of calculation of individual differences in co-ordinate values for each measurement, and calculation of average differences and their standard devia- tions for groups of measurements. The values of average co-ordinate errors and testing of the presence of systematic error were also calculated. To evaluate the influence of receiver type, stand age, tree species composition and terrain configuration multi-factor analysis of variance was used. General location error was 7.16 m for Topcon, 5.89 m for Magellan and 5.60 m for March. Difference between Topcon and the other two receivers is statistically significant. The influence of forest stand age is also statistically significant. The results of the test of tree species composition and terrain configuration influence are not unambiguous.

A review of pharmacological therapy for glaucoma

Glaucoma is a chronic or acute disease in which optic nerve damage occurs in a characteristic way. In primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the manifestations of the optic nerve damage include visible excavation that develops in the optic nerve head and regions of the retina lose ability to detect all the elements that go into the total sensory prod-uct called vision.1, 2 When these regions worsen and enlarge to coalesce, the result is blindness.The intraocular pressure (IOP) has a causative role in producing the damage. All eyes have an in-ternal pressure to keep them inflated, perhaps 17 mmHg on the average, ± 5 mmHg standard devia-tion. In at least two thirds of the eyes that suffer glaucomatous damage, the intraocular pressure is high, at least a bit above the pressure found in 95% of the non-glaucomatous population. The cut-off is in the region of 20 to 22 mmHg used by most definitions.2 However, a normal or even low intra-ocular pressure can be harmful to some eyes, and when it is, the person has normal or low tension glaucoma. The traditional treatment of glaucoma has logically been to lower the intraocular pres-sure, to prevent further damage to the optic nerve, though previous damage is not undone.

Analysis of Flusilazole and Its Major Phenyl Metabolite (IN-F7321) by Approaches Based on Gas Chromatography

Two basic, previously unpublished procedures were developed to obtain flusilazole data for regula- tory purposes. One method involves extraction into ethyl acetate, cleanup on silica or Florisil, and analysis of flusilazole only by packed-column gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. The second method involves extraction into ethyl acetate, followed by gel permeation chro- matography and analysis by capillary GC with mass-selective detection for both IN-F7321 (major metabolite) and flusilazole. Several adaptations of the second procedure increase the analytical op- tions for flusilazole. The parent-only method was applied to analysis of more than 18 matrixes. The parent-plus-metabolite method and its adaptations were applied to the analysis of more than 33 ma- trixes. Cereals, fruits, animal matrixes and related processed fractions were analyzed. Average recov- eries for the parent-only method were generally above 90% (always above 80%) with standard devia- tions of 12% or less for fortifications ranging from 0.010 to 1.0 ppm. Average recoveries ranged from 84 to 108% for flusilazole and 82 to 111% for IN- F7321 fortifications from 0.010 to 2.0 ppm for the parent-plus-metabolite method. Standard devia- tions ranged from 3.6 to 20%.