Mức độ đạt được kĩ năng tư duy phê phán của sinh viên Trường Đại học Sư phạm Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

Though the students at Ho Chi Minh University of Education (HCMUE) haven’t taken any courses on critical thinking skills officially, they train thinking in studying their professional subject matters. The article is about the levels of gaining critical thinking skills by students at Ho Chi Minh University of Education through a survey based on the Dimensions of Critical Thinking Skills adapted from Paul, Binker, Jensen, and Kreklau. (1990). Critical Thinking Skills. North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. Thereby, we can see the different aspects of thinking.

LA LITTÉRATIE VISUELLE À L’UNIVERSITÉ : ÉTUDE SUR LES PRATIQUES D’APPRENTISSAGES FORMELS ET INFORMELS D’ÉTUDIANTS AU BACCALAURÉAT

Face à la transformation des modes de communication et d’apprentissage dans lesquels l’image occupe une place de plus en plus importante (Bleed, 2005 ; North Central Regional Educational Laboratory et Metiri Group, 2003), le développement de compétences spécifiques à la littératie visuelle (visual literacy) est primordial pour faire face aux défis du monde contemporain. Pourtant, ces compétences et leur développement, à l’école et hors école, demeurent très peu étudiés, d’où la réalisation d’une étude visant à identifier et à décrire les pratiques d’apprentissages formels et informels d’étudiants au baccalauréat en matière de littératie visuelle. Les résultats de cette étude permettent de mettre en lumière l’usage, en contextes formel et informel, des outils de communication dans lesquels l’image occupe une place importante chez les étudiants sondés, l’usage et les enjeux de l’aspect visuel dans les sources d’information et de divertissement, l’importance accordée aux compétences liées à la littératie visuelle et le sentiment de compétence des participants de l’étude à l’égard de ces dernières. Deux constats importants ressortent de cette étude : les pratiques d’apprentissage présentent des ressemblances, mais aussi des différences selon le contexte dans lequel elles sont mises en oeuvre (vie personnelle vs vie académique) et ces pratiques, en matière spécifiquement de littératie visuelle, illustrent la prise en compte de plus en plus importante (mais encore trop partielle) de l’image comme mode de communication et d’apprentissage.

Screening for Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Spinach and Isolation of Verticillium dahliae from Seed of Spinach Accessions

Verticillium dahliae is a pathogen of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) during spinach seed crop production but not in vegetative leafy spinach crops, because plants remain asymptomatic until bolting has been initiated (conversion from vegetative to reproductive growth). The objectives of this research were to evaluate a set of USDA spinach germplasm accessions for resistance to Verticillium wilt and to determine the range in incidence of natural seed infection/infestation in a subset of the USDA spinach accessions screened for resistance. A total of 120 Spinacia spp. accessions from the USDA North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station spinach germplasm collection and 10 commercial S. oleracea hybrids were screened for resistance to V. dahliae in Trials 1, 2, and 3 in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, in greenhouse evaluations. Each accession was grown in either V. dahliae-infested or non-infested potting mix and rated weekly on a seven-step scale from 1 week before bolting to 4 weeks after bolting. A wide range of disease severity ratings was observed among the accessions evaluated. Most of the accessions were highly susceptible. There was no evidence of qualitative resistance but some showed greater levels of quantitative resistance than others. Plants in soil infested with V. dahliae senesced faster and had significantly reduced biomass compared with plants in non-infested soil of the same accession. In addition, in Trial 2 (2007), 34% (20 of 59) of the seed samples assayed of the accessions were infested or infected with V. dahliae; and in Trial 3, (2008) 16% (21 of 130) of the seed samples of the USDA accessions evaluated were infested or infected with V. dahliae, V. tricorpus, or Gibellulopsis nigrescens (formerly known as V. nigrescens). These results are valuable for characterizing potential genetic variability within spinach germplasm for resistance to V. dahliae.

Carrot Seed Germination at High Temperature: Effect of Genotype and Association with Ethylene Production

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) seed germination may be erratic or reduced under high temperatures (above 35 °C). Even in tropical genotypes (tolerant to high temperatures during crop development), the negative effects of high temperatures on carrot stand establishment have been observed, especially during summer. The objectives of this study were to characterize commercial carrot cultivars and accession lines for their ability to germinate at high temperature and determine the ethylene production during imbibition at high temperature. Seeds from 34 commercial cultivars and 125 carrot accessions from the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station were germinated at 25 °C (optimal) and 35 ± 0.5 °C (high) in constant light. Ethylene production during seed imbibition at high temperature was evaluated in some genotypes. Many of the commercial cultivars had reduced germination at 35 °C. ‘XPC-3617’, ‘Alvorada’, ‘Brasilia’, and ‘Esplanada’ had the greatest germination at 35 °C. A greater number of accessions germinated at 35 °C than did the commercial genotypes. The accession PI 319858 germinated 95% at both temperatures and was considered thermotolerant. Six accessions (Ames 7665, Ames 7698, Ames 25031, PI 167082, PI 294637, and PI 319858) germinated above 80% at 35 °C and were also identified as potential sources of thermotolerance. Fifteen other accessions (Ames 7694, Ames 25031, Ames 25036, Ames 25049, Ames 25705, PI 167082, PI 179687, PI 180834, PI 261782, PI 269486, PI 273658, PI 277710, PI 288242, PI 294637, and PI 319858) had thermotolerance ratios of T35/T25 0.85 or greater (where T35 = germination at 35 °C and T25 = germination at 25 °C) and were identified for further testing. The identified thermotolerant genotypes might be useful for carrot seed germination mechanism studies as well as for breeding programs. Ethylene production during seed germination at high temperature was greater in thermotolerant genotypes than in thermosensitive genotypes. High correlations were observed between first germination count at 35 °C and ethylene production, total germination at 35 °C and ethylene production, and thermotolerance ratio and ethylene production.

Maria Bonita: cultivar de manjericão tipo linalol

'Maria Bonita' é proveniente do acesso PI 197442, do Banco de Germoplasma North Central Regional PI Station, EUA. É uma cultivar de manjericão de copa arredondada, pétalas róseas e sépalas roxas, indicada para o Nordeste brasileiro. Apresenta hábito de crescimento ereto, o que favorece a colheita manual e mecanizada. A produtividade média de matéria seca de folhas e inflorescências foi de 20,97 g por planta, 26,34% superior à testemunha 'Genovese'. Possui teor de 4,96% de óleo essencial, e rendimento de 1,18 mL por planta. Seu componente principal é o linalol (78,12%). Seu óleo essencial possui atividades antinociceptiva e antigiardial.

(406) A Comprehensive Echinacea Germplasm Collection Located at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Ames, Iowa

Echinacea is becoming a well-established, high-value crop, both as an ornamental and a dietary supplement. A comprehensive collection of Echinacea germplasm is conserved by the USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS) in Ames, Iowa, and is available via seed distribution for research and educational purposes (ars-grin.gov/npgs). Representing all nine species collected throughout their respective North American geographic ranges, the Echinacea collection includes 179 accessions. Extensive morphological characterization data associated with this collection have been compiled and are available to researchers on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database to aid in selection criteria. The collection has been used extensively for various research projects, ranging from ornamental breeding studies to HPLC analyses of metabolites of interest to the phytopharmaceutical industry. This poster will summarize the Echinacea collection conserved at the NCRPIS, including a list of available accessions by species, illustrations of seed, and control-pollinated cage propagation methods; and facilities utilized for seed cleaning, testing, and storage. In addition, instructions on how to use the GRIN database to view evaluation data and acquire germplasm will be provided.

Pollinating Efficacy of Osmia cornifrons and Osmia lignaria subsp. lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on Three Brassicaceae Species Grown Under Field Cages

Until 1997, honey bees, Apis mellifera L., were used to pollinate Brassicaceae grown in field cages at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS), at Ames, IA. At this time, a solitary bee, Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski), was first employed to pollinate the crop in field cages; however, a native bee species, Osmia lignaria subsp. lignaria Say, out-competes O. cornifrons in central Iowa for artificial nesting sites erected for rearing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of these two solitary bee species for producing Brassica napus, B. rapa, and Sinapis alba seed in field cages. There was no difference in seed production for the S. alba accession, PI 209022, or the B. rapa accession, PI 278766, between the two species of Osmia. But, the B. rapa accession, PI 392025, and the B. napus accession, PI 469944, produced significantly more seed when pollinated by O. lignaria subsp. lignaria than by O. cornifrons. Because the native bee is easier to rear and maintain, it will be the pollinator of choice for control pollinating collections of Brassicaceae species maintained at NCRPIS. The commercial use of O. lignaria subsp. lignaria or the related subspecies, O. lignaria subsp. propinqua, should be investigated for improving the production of canola and rapeseed.