Isolation of trymiristin from Myristica fragrans for natural product chemistry laboratory

This study aims generated natural products chemistry project laboratory for student in order to isolation trymiristin from Myristica fragrans. The skill of isolating trimyristin will be useful for students to obtain natural whitening raw materials derived from nutmeg. Various studies on the isolation can be used in natural products laboratory project. Students are directed to study literature related to trymiristin isolation procedures. Students practice skills of extraction, fractionation, purification, and structure elucidation of trymiristin. They were asked to design the laboratory activities. Manipulation of the liquor by soxhletation and recrystallization techniques proved to be a simple method to isolate trymiristin in low resource laboratory setting. The trymiristin was treated with structure elucidation NMR and infrared spectrometry. The laboratory method, comprising for 3 hours laboratory sessions, was a simple way for the students to understand the process of isolating trymiristin.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Carbapenem resistance Pseudomonas

Aim: To figure out the antimicrobial sensitivity effect of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from several type of clinical specimens. Study setting: Department of Microbiology and Resource laboratory, University of Health Sciences Lahore. Methods: A sum total of 53 isolates of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected from Jinnah hospital Lahore during the period of 1st January 2016 to 2nd February 2017. Nutrient agar slants were used for the transportation of resistant strains. In accordance with the CLSI manuals re-confirmation and processing of the strains were accomplished. The sub culturing and incubation was done on culture media such as MacConkey and blood agar at room temperature for 1 day. Standard confirmation of isolates under went by the graded morphological, cultural and biochemical techniques. In order to achieve this, Gram staining, culture media such as blood, oxidase test, motility test were executed. Results: The resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against antibiotics was as follows: Meropenem 53(100%), 51(96%) to piperacillin–tazobactam, 49(92%) to ceftazidime, 43(81%) to amikacin, 41(77%) showed resistance to aztreonam, 48(91%) to quinolones as shown in figure. Almost all the Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to aztreonam except for 23% (n=12 isolates). Colistin was predominant as the major strength of treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with sensitivity of 48(91%). Keywords: Disk-diffusion, Carbapenem, McFarland.

Evaluation of Blood Glucose As A Biomarker For On Spot Detection of Bovine Trypanosomosis In Emergent Nations

Trypanosomosis or surra has been declared notifiable multispecies animal disease by World Organization for Animal Health. Diagnosis of trypanosomosis is a challenging task in field condition because none of reported signs is pathognomonic resulting in failure of treatment either inappropriate or delay in treatment. In spite of this, low hemoglobin level and hypoglycaemia are consistent hemato-biochemical changes in trypanosomosis. Therefore taking into consideration of both these two changes, tentative diagnosis of trypanosomosis could be done in low resource laboratory situated in rural area. With the development of eco and user friendly pen-side diagnostic, effective management of animal trypanosomosis could only be possible. Out of 123 buffaloes, 21 buffaloes found positive by PCR were showing average temperature 105.130F±0.983, blood glucose 32.319±9.760 and haemoglobin 8.60±1.485. Likewise Value of blood glucose (glucometer- 95% CI 68.488 to 77.141 and semiautomatic blood analyzer- CI 64.637 to 74.087) and haemoglobin (95% CI 95.743 to 97.314) were found statistically highly significant (P<0.001) with body temperature. Lower the blood glucose level in fevered animals may suspect the trypanosomosis. In these cases portable blood glucose meter may help the field veterinarian for on spot estimation of blood glucose level of fevered animals. An on spot estimation of lowered glucose level, anaemia and high temperature increases the probability of trypanosomosis. So that timely treatment of infected animal could be possible in rural area without wasting of time to get the report from full equipped laboratory. This might be the first time reported method for early diagnosis of trypanosomosis.