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Author(s):  
Vivek Vishnu ◽  
◽  
Vineet Kumar Dwivedi ◽  

The thesis proposes a method for introducing lean manufacturing using string diagram in an operating CNG high pressure storage tank manufacturing job shop at Jayfe Cylinder Ltd. Haryana. By applying lean manufacturing using process layout diagram to produce part families with similar manufacturing processes and stable demand, plants expect to reduce costs and lead-times and improve quality and delivery performance. The thesis outlines a method for assessing, designing, and implementing lean manufacturing using process layout diagram, and illustrates this process with an example. A manufacturing cell that produces high pressure steel tank container for commercial & automobile customers is implemented at cylinder tank Machining Centers. The conclusion of the thesis highlights the key lessons learned from this process.


Author(s):  
Bart Jacobs ◽  
Aleks Kissinger ◽  
Fabio Zanasi

Abstract Extracting causal relationships from observed correlations is a growing area in probabilistic reasoning, originating with the seminal work of Pearl and others from the early 1990s. This paper develops a new, categorically oriented view based on a clear distinction between syntax (string diagrams) and semantics (stochastic matrices), connected via interpretations as structure-preserving functors. A key notion in the identification of causal effects is that of an intervention, whereby a variable is forcefully set to a particular value independent of any prior propensities. We represent the effect of such an intervention as an endo-functor which performs ‘string diagram surgery’ within the syntactic category of string diagrams. This diagram surgery in turn yields a new, interventional distribution via the interpretation functor. While in general there is no way to compute interventional distributions purely from observed data, we show that this is possible in certain special cases using a calculational tool called comb disintegration. We demonstrate the use of this technique on two well-known toy examples: one where we predict the causal effect of smoking on cancer in the presence of a confounding common cause and where we show that this technique provides simple sufficient conditions for computing interventions which apply to a wide variety of situations considered in the causal inference literature; the other one is an illustration of counterfactual reasoning where the same interventional techniques are used, but now in a ‘twinned’ set-up, with two version of the world – one factual and one counterfactual – joined together via exogenous variables that capture the uncertainties at hand.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-ning Du ◽  
Min-xin Huang

Abstract In the type IIB maximally supersymmetric pp-wave background, stringy excited modes are described by BMN (Berenstein-Madalcena-Nastase) operators in the dual $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory. In this paper, we continue the studies of higher genus free BMN correlators with more stringy modes, mostly focusing on the case of genus one and four stringy modes in different transverse directions. Surprisingly, we find that the non-negativity of torus two-point functions, which is a consequence of a previously proposed probability interpretation and has been verified in the cases with two and three stringy modes, is no longer true for the case of four or more stringy modes. Nevertheless, the factorization formula, which is also a proposed holographic dictionary relating the torus two-point function to a string diagram calculation, is still valid. We also check the correspondence of planar three-point functions with Green-Schwarz string vertex with many string modes. We discuss some issues in the case of multiple stringy modes in the same transverse direction. Our calculations provide some new perspectives on pp-wave holography.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Lendra Permana ◽  
Yusuf Mauluddin

PT Karya Lestari Mandiri adalah perusahaan yang memproduksi leather atau kulitsamakan. Masalah yang diteliti adalah masih buruknya kegiatan material handling di lantaiproduksi akibat tata letak yang kurang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan rancangantata letak departemen produksi baru dengan waktu material handling lebih cepat. Perancanganulang tata letak departemen produksi didasarkan pada pendekatan sistematic layout planningdengan menggunakan metoda string diagram Hasil rancangan ulang tata letak departemen mampumeningkatkan efisiensi waktu material handling.


2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Bartlett

We use the string diagram calculus to give graphical proofs of the basic results of Etingof, Nikshych and Ostrik [On fusion categories, Ann. Math. 162 (2005) 581–642; arXiv:math/0203060, doi:10.4007/annals.2005.162.581] on fusion categories. These results include: the quadruple dual is canonically isomorphic to the identity, positivity of the paired dimensions, and Ocneanu rigidity. We introduce the pairing convention as a convenient graphical framework for working with fusion categories. We use this framework to express the pivotal operators as a product of the apex associator monodromy and the pivotal indicators. We also characterize pivotal structures as solutions of an explicit set of algebraic equations over the complex numbers, refining a formula of Wang.


1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 939-943
Author(s):  
Rahmat Budiarto ◽  
Masashi Yamada ◽  
Hidenori Itoh ◽  
Hirohisa Seki

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1614-1620
Author(s):  
Robert Roth
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