Research on an external adjustment method for RPECT roll profiles based on the segmented cooling principle

Roll profile electromagnetic control technology (RPECT) is a new strip flatness control technology that changes roll gap shape by controlling the roll profiles of electromagnetic control rolls (ECRs). To address the randomness of the flatness defect locations, this paper proposes an external adjustment method for RPECT roll profiles based on the segmented cooling principle. Based on the layout of the cooling areas and electromagnetic sticks, an electromagnetic-thermal-structural coupled model is established to analyse roll profile variations. The results show that symmetrically changing the cooling intensities of the different cooling areas can increase or decrease the roll crown of the ECR, while asymmetrically changing the cooling intensities of the different cooling areas can change the position of the maximum bulging point of the ECR. Variations in the component cooling ratio coefficient impact the effects of different cooling strategies, which needs to be considered when selecting the cooling strategy configuration scheme. Compared the maximum bulging values, radial temperature gradients and axial temperature gradients of different electromagnetic stick (ES) structures, the regulation law reverses when the length of the ES is too small, and the variation of the law is very small. Therefore, different ES structures have different segmented cooling regulation characteristics.

Electromagnetic control based on Lie symmetry transformation

An design method of electromagnetic metamaterial based on Lie symmetry of Maxwell's equation is proposed, which is applied to the modulation of electromagnetic wave / light. Firstly, the electromagnetic control model based on metamaterials is introduced, then according to the theory of Transformation Optics (TO), Lie symmetry analysis is applied to the coordinate transformation of material physical space, and the key core is the determining equations of Lie symmetry is derived. Secondly, the analytical forms of constitutive parameters (permittivity and permeability) of metamaterials are introduced, which can be used to design all kinds of electromagnetic metamaterials. Finally, the Lie symmetry method is applied to the control of electromagnetic beam width. The results show that the metamaterial based on Lie symmetry of Maxwell's equation have good field distribution, and it overcomes the single subjectivity of traditional coordinate transformation in optical transformation. The wave simulation by COMSOL Multiphysics software verify the correctness of Lie symmetry method.

Experimental Validation and Numerical Simulation of Flexible and Micro-scale Roll Gap Control Technology

To obtain a better ability of strip flatness control, this paper proposes a new flexible and micro-scale roll gap control technology. According to the principle of roll profile electromagnetic control technology (RPECT), a new electromagnetic control rolling mill with the function of roll profile control and large diameter ratio rolling is designed and built. To analyze the flatness control ability of this mill, a comprehensive finite element model (FEM) is established and verified, which includes a FEM for predicting the electromagnetic control roll profile and a FEM of rolling process. The simulation results show that the crown control ability of RPECT is stronger than the quadratic crown control ability, and the effect of tension on the roll gap shape crown is small. The results in the indentation experiment and the rolling experiment show that increasing the roll crown of electromagnetic control roll can adjust the strip shape form edge wave to non-wave, and middle wave. The feasibility of using RPECT to adjust the roll gap shape has been verified, and the roll gap control goal of uniform transverse size distribution can be achieved.

Electromagnetic Control by Actuating Kirigami-Inspired Shape Memory Alloy: Thermally Reconfigurable Antenna application

Electromagnetic responses are generally controlled electrically or optically. However, although electrical and optical control allows fast response, they suffer from switching or tuning range limitations. This paper controls electromagnetic response by mechanical transformation. We introduce a novel kirigami-inspired structure for mechanical transformation with less strength, integrating a shape memory alloy actuator into the kirigami-inspired for mechanical transformation and hence electromagnetic control. The proposed approach was implemented for a reconfigurable antenna designed based on structural and electromagnetic analyses. The mechanical transformation was analyzed with thermal stimulus to predict the antenna geometry and electromagnetic analysis with different geometries predicted antenna performance. We numerically and experimentally verified that resonance response was thermally controlled using the kirigami-inspired antenna integrated with a shape memory alloy actuator.

Analysis of the Thermal-force Roll Profile Control Ability Under Different Hole Structures and Slot Structures in the RPECT

Roll profile electromagnetic control technology (RPECT) is a strip flatness control technology based on the flexible control of roll profiles. As the core component, electromagnetic sticks can bulge with the induction heating of induction coils. To ensure the integrity of the coil circuit, the surfaces of the electromagnetic sticks need to be provided with slots. Moreover, the inner hole of the electromagnetic control roll is also needed to install the electromagnetic stick in the roll. The structures of the inner hole and slots affect the local structure of the electromagnetic stick and the electromagnetic control roll and then change the roll profile control ability. To research the radial bulging ability, the roundness of bulging, and the composition between the thermal crown and force crown under different holes or slots, a finite element model of circumferential RPECT is established by using the finite element software MARC. After analysis, the results showed that the radial bulging ability and the roundness under the influence of the roll radius were larger than those under the influences of the slot radius and slot amount, and the composition characteristics of the comprehensive roll profile were different under different conditions. Therefore, to achieve accurate roll profile control, the influences of the structures of holes and slots need to be included in the RPECT index.

Research on roll profile electromagnetic control ability in optimal electromagnetic stick parameter

Roll profile electromagnetic control technology (RPECT) is a new strip flatness control technology. As the control element, electromagnetic sticks have a great effect on the control ability of RPECT. To improve control ability and extend service life, effective control ratio of electromagnetic stick is presented in this paper. The ratio is designed based on the structure character of electromagnetic stick, and can be used to evaluate the key parameter of electromagnetic stick. Based on the coupled FEM, the heat flux density of the roll inner hole and the temperature distribution of electromagnetic stick are analyzed for different effective control ratios; the average contact pressure between electromagnetic stick and electromagnetic control roll is studied to evaluate the change of force roll profile; the state of roll profile and the stress state of the roll are researched to analyze the comprehensive control ability. Through the verification on the roll profile electromagnetic control experimental platform, the reasonable selection range of effective control ratio, which can be used to expand the roll profile axial affected area, is from 0.5 to 0.583. In order to increase the roll crown, the selection of ηd needs to consider the current density and the optimal selection range of effective control ratio.