Cortico-subcortical β burst dynamics underlying movement cancellation in humans

Dominant neuroanatomical models hold that humans regulate their movements via loop-like cortico-subcortical networks, which include the subthalamic nucleus (STN), motor thalamus, and sensorimotor cortex (SMC). Inhibitory commands across these networks are purportedly sent via transient, burst-like signals in the β frequency (15-29Hz). However, since human depth-recording studies are typically limited to one recording site, direct evidence for this proposition is hitherto lacking. Here, we present simultaneous multi-site recordings from SMC and either STN or motor thalamus in humans performing the stop-signal task. In line with their purported function as inhibitory signals, subcortical β-bursts were increased on successful stop-trials. STN bursts in particular were followed within 50ms by increased β-bursting over SMC. Moreover, between-site comparisons (including in a patient with simultaneous recordings from SMC, thalamus, and STN) confirmed that β-bursts in STN temporally precede thalamic β-bursts. This highly unique set of recordings provides empirical evidence for the role of β-bursts in conveying inhibitory commands along long-proposed cortico-subcortical networks underlying movement regulation in humans.

AUDIT ANALYSIS OF ENRON ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF MARKETING (NON) ETHICS

In the scientific research work, under the above title, we dealt with the analysis of the already performed audits of the business of the American electric power corporation Enron which went bankrupt. We did a similar analysis through the prism of the already existing triangular connection on the relation: absence of moral vertical (by vocation, above all, business provenance) - greed - incompetence (we can say, unprofessionalism), ie. marketing unethics. Primarily, the emphasis was on the audit of Enron's financial and accounting reports but inevitably there was also an audit of compliance with the legal procedure, precisely during the procurement of certain resources necessary for business and finally an operational audit was performed, that is, an audit of the entire business. Using the technique of in-depth recording of the business vs. financial situation, in fact already performed audits, we tried to scan first and then to explain the correlation of neuralgic points which led to its bankruptcy. By pointing out the connections of at least harmful influences as well as their scope and intensity we try to , by using qualitative analysis, positively influence other current ones or corporations which will only enter the market scene

Cortico-subcortical β burst dynamics underlying movement cancellation in humans

SummaryDominant neuroanatomical models hold that humans regulate their movements via loop-like cortico-subcortical networks, including the subthalamic nucleus (STN), thalamus, and sensorimotor cortices (SMC). Inhibitory commands across these networks are purportedly sent via transient, burst-like signals in the β frequency (15-29Hz). However, since human depth-recording studies are typically limited to one recording site, direct evidence for this proposition is hitherto lacking. Here, we present simultaneous multi-site depth-recordings from SMC and either STN or thalamus in humans performing the stop-signal task. In line with their purported function as inhibitory signals, subcortical β-bursts were increased on successful stop-trials and were followed within 50ms by increased β-bursting over SMC. Moreover, between-site comparisons (including in a patient with simultaneous recordings from all three sites) confirmed that β-bursts in STN precede thalamic β-bursts. This provides first empirical evidence for the role of β-bursts in conveying inhibitory commands along long-proposed cortico-subcortical networks underlying movement regulation in humans.

Electrochemical Evaluation of a Multi-Site Clinical Depth Recording Electrode for Monitoring Cerebral Tissue Oxygen

The intracranial measurement of local cerebral tissue oxygen levels—PbtO2—has become a useful tool for the critical care unit to investigate severe trauma and ischemia injury in patients. Our preliminary work in animal models supports the hypothesis that multi-site depth electrode recording of PbtO2 may give surgeons and critical care providers needed information about brain viability and the capacity for better recovery. Here, we present a surface morphology characterization and an electrochemical evaluation of the analytical properties toward oxygen detection of an FDA-approved, commercially available, clinical grade depth recording electrode comprising 12 Pt recording contacts. We found that the surface of the recording sites is composed of a thin film of smooth Pt and that the electrochemical behavior evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in acidic and neutral electrolyte is typical of polycrystalline Pt surface. The smoothness of the Pt surface was further corroborated by determination of the electrochemical active surface, confirming a roughness factor of 0.9. At an optimal working potential of −0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the sensor displayed suitable values of sensitivity and limit of detection for in vivo PbtO2 measurements. Based on the reported catalytical properties of Pt toward the electroreduction reaction of O2, we propose that these probes could be repurposed for multisite monitoring of PbtO2 in vivo in the human brain.

Adaptive estimation of the upgoing wavefield from a variable-depth recording in the case of a dynamic sea surface

The estimation of the upgoing wavefield based on a ghost model is well-known as receiver deghosting. The shape of the rough and dynamic (time-varying) sea surface and the varying receiver depth should be included to carry out this step correctly. However, the exact shape of the dynamic sea surface is not commonly measured. Therefore, the ghost model is often inaccurate, introducing artifacts in the deghosted result. We have developed a data-driven, iterative, receiver deghosting method that includes the estimation of the dynamic shape of the sea surface and the varying receiver depth. The deghosting algorithm is based on, respectively, wavefield propagation from the varying receiver level up to the dynamic sea surface and wavefield propagation from the dynamic sea surface down to the varying receiver level. The depth of the receivers relative to the height of the dynamic sea surface is estimated and updated at each iteration. We validate the deghosting method on 2D simulated data recorded on a variable depth and 2D simulated data recorded with a dynamic sea surface. Our deghosting method gives a significant uplift on the simulated data given that the initial ghost model is inaccurate. On the field data, recorded with a midwater, quasistationary cable, our deghosting method is able to correct the receiver depth and provides an accurate deghosting result. The performance of the deghosting method is similar to the performance of a multicomponent decomposition method in this realistic scenario.

Resource Pharmacist at Kinburn Pharmasave

Objective: To provide and measure the effects of having a resource pharmacist committed to the front store for his or her work shift. Clients could use this service to access individualized, timely, professionally provided information to guide them in their health choices. Methods: A resource pharmacist was scheduled to be located in the front of the store for his or her whole shift. An immediate record of interventions was kept in a pocket notebook, with more in-depth recording done later on a standardized form. Clients were greeted by the pharmacist and counted, with a goal of showcasing pharmacists' accessibility. Clients who required counselling were counted separately and categorized. Our highest number day had 82 clients greeted and 32 counselled — a total of 114 clients; our lowest had 15 greeted and 10 counselled — a total of 25 clients. Promotion, signage and mailout were done to increase awareness of the new service. The key message promoted was of the benefits of a one-on-one consult with the resource pharmacist on the client's health concerns and counselling for over-the-counter medication. Results: This has proven to be a successful professional service that can be easily implemented into any community pharmacy. Professional satisfaction with the process was high. The dispensing pharmacist could focus on prescriptions, while the resource pharmacist was able to provide a patient-centred and individualized service. The clients had ready access to information that clarified their choices; gave them immediate, individualized health information; and sometimes ended with a referral to other health care providers. An example of some of the health issues addressed were cancer, suicide, depression and various chronic illnesses. The resource pharmacist was able to provide a service that will increase the efficiency of the health care system by empowering clients to take charge of their health and making professionally advised decisions.