Development of a method for quantitative comparison of the luminance of self-glowing crystals – the basic elements of a low current source

This work is devoted to the development of a method for the quantitative comparison of the luminosity of weakly luminous samples, such as self-glowing crystals. A self-glowing crystal is an efficient scintillator, whose self-luminescence is due to the decay of a radioactive isotope introduced into the crystal matrix during its growth. Such crystals can be used as low current sources with a service life of 50 years or more. This technique takes into account the luminescence spectra of the samples under study, the spectral functions of the spectrometer and photodetector. Information on the luminescence spectra of samples can be obtained based on their cathodoluminescence spectra. Thanks to the calculations performed according to this technique, it becomes possible to estimate the optical radiation power of a self-glowing crystal, which can be converted into an electric current using a photodiode. Also, the proposed technique can be applied to assess the luminosities of any materials under the influence of radioactive radiation.

Poisoning from tellurium and its toxic compounds in industry

Tellurium has been primarily used in the steel industry for the past 40 years. This material is used for the manufacture of solar cells, lasers, photoresistors, and counters of radioactive radiation. Cadmium tellurium batteries are the second most popular solar technology. Another important application of tellurium is in the manufacture of thermoelectric generators. In the metallurgical industry, tellurium is used as an additive to metals and alloys. Tellurium and its compounds enter the body mainly through the respiratory system, as well as through the mouth and skin. Penetration into the body through the respiratory tract causes nausea, bronchitis, and pneumonia. The tellurium compounds are restored to elementary tellurium or amenable to methylation (methyl telluride has a characteristic garlic odor; it is less toxic than tellurium) in the body. Tellurium is excreted through the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. Methyl telluride is excreted from the body partially with exhaled air and with sweat. For the diagnosis of acute heavy metal poisoning, blood is mainly used. The use of updated algorithm-criteria for assessing the severity of clinical manifestations of systemic organ toxicity of poisons provides an appropriate level of diagnosis of disorders of vital body functions. Treatment of such patients should include antidote and symptomatic therapy depending on the severity of clinical manifestations. To prevent the development of telluric intoxication, first of all, it is necessary to apply maximum sealing and automation of production processes. It is also necessary to introduce ventilation in production facilities and to carry out preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers without fail. The use of personal protective equipment is also required.

Development of methods for the assessment of vulnerability of the receiver input of free-space optical communication from the effects of radiation, as the effects of the destruction of radiation hazardous objects

Object of research: Free-space optical communication (FSO). Investigated problem: Significant advantages of free-space optical communication in comparison with the existing networks of useful data transmission justify their use in various complex environmental conditions, which require the organization of fast and reliable digital communication when it is impossible or limitation to use wired or radio lines. Main scientific results: One of the factors that can considerably affect the FSO efficiency is radioactive radiation produced by various sources and phenomena of ionizing effects. In the research the issues of the assessment of the vulnerability of the FSO receivers of input signal from the effects of gamma radiation are directly considered. The analysis of the design of the receiving path of the input signal of FSO is conducted and the list and the partial attenuation coefficients of radioactive radiation by the FSO components that separate the receiver of input signal from the external environment are determined. The area of practical use of research results: The methods has been developed and with its help the assessment of the vulnerability of the FSO receivers of input signal from the effects of gamma radiation, as the effects of the destruction of the radiation-hazardous object has been conducted. Innovative technological product: The nature of the influence of gamma radiation as the effects of the destruction of the radiation-hazardous object on the FSO receiver of input signal is determined. Scope of application of an innovative technological product: The results allow to develop a set of measures aimed at reducing the effects of gamma radiation, as the effects of the destruction of the radiation-hazardous object, on the FSO efficiency.

Assessment of radiation hazard of uranium enterprises for the environment

The purpose of the article is to describe monitoring studies on the radiation state of air in populated and working areas near the uranium processing enterprise in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Ac-cording to the analytical measurement, the exposure dose of gamma radiation is equivalent to the equilibrium volume activity of radon, specific activity of long-lived alpha-emitting nuclides in the zone of influence of the enterprise, the working area, premises for storing uranium materials and manufacturing dumps, tailings dams and areas of underground uranium leaching. It was shown that the measurement results do not exceed the regional background and regulatory levels of radioactive radiation by all indicators. The dependence of the volume activity of radon at production facilities on the density of the radon flux from the soil was studied. The most intensive radioactive objects – uranium dumps – were identified. It was found out that there is no excess radioactive impact of the uranium enterprise on the environmental objects.

THE MECHANISM OF ANOMALY OF CHARGED PARTICLES BEFORE THE EARTHQUAKE

Some mechanisms are considered in the form of analysis of the propagation and origin of charged particles involved in acting forces in energy transfer processes that lead to a highly deformed seismically active state and create the necessary conditions for the occurrence of an earthquake. The results of monitoring the registration of charged particles of radioactive radiation of the earth’s crust for the purpose of earthquake forecasting are analyzed. During monitoring, responses to the origin of an event - an earthquake-are observed in the behavior of charged particles, which are located on remote parts of the earth’s crust relative to the place where charged particles are registered. In this case, wide horizons of the earth’s crust are involved, where tectonic disturbances are developed, covering not only the deep layers of the earth’s crust, but also the sections that appear in the upper parts. These tectonic disturbances can be considered as through-current channels that facilitate the transfer of energy from great depths. On the earth’s surface, the behavior of charged particles should be considered within the framework of the action of geomagnetic and atmospheric electricity fields. These fields at the earth’s surface are a carrier field that provides a special transfer of not only energy and matter. Thus, the propagation of charged particle flows over considerable distances from the epicenter of earthquakes can be caused by the carrier fields of deep change processes.

Functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of the body of students engaged in physical culture and sports

According to the authors, the assessment of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of the body during physical training and sports is of paramount importance because of the huge role of this system in the adaptation to physical activity of different nature, the optimal functioning of the organism in the most varied in terms of training activity. The analysis of the scientific literature shows that the deterioration of the indicators of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of the human body caused by the weakening of socio-economic conditions in the country, the influence of radioactive radiation, the deterioration of the quality of nutrition, the decrease of motor activity, etc. There is also a general increase in the number of cardiovascular diseases, deterioration of the body's functional reserves, systemic impaired posture, the presence of various disorders of the musculoskeletal system, a decrease in the level of physical fitness, etc. All this happens against the background of the weakening of the functions of the cardio-respiratory and nervous systems of the body during training and during the exams, which negatively affects the formation of health of future specialists. Therefore, since there is a tendency to deteriorate the health of students, in particular, the condition of their cardio-respiratory system, the question of improving it through the use of physical education is very relevant.

Analysis of Effects of Domestic Wireless Equipments on Living Beings

The electromagnetic waves have developed the communication system today. They are around the world completely and our environment remains under the influence of radio waves radiating from mobile phone towers and cellphones. The adverse effects of e-pollution are not subject to some form of surroundings. Radioactive radiation directly affects biomolecules such as DNA and produces genetic toxicity. In addition to neuron damage, character disorder has seen in flying birds and mammals. The radiation can have an impact on the reproduction of animals and mammals and is therefore a major cause of concern in the present.

ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION UNDER INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION: PATHOGENETIC BASIS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION

The problem of radiation-induced lesions is becoming increasingly urgent. Studies in recent years show that one of the most vulnerable tissues is the endothelium when exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. The study of the pathogenetic bases of this phenomenon has shown that damage to endotheliocytes occurs both at the expense of the direct exposure to radiation and due to the systemic disturbance of homeostasis which leads to the disadaptation of the executive and regulatory systems of the organism. In this review we considered the mechanisms of the development of endothelial dysfunction under the influence of radioactive radiation and possible methods of pharmacological correction of this condition.