Partial Replacement of Pumice Stone in Concrete As Coarse Aggregate Material

In design of concrete structures, concrete plays an important role in the contemporary background as raw material for construction has been decreased. Therefore construction industry has acquaint with novel methods by making use of the available waste material for partial replacement by using alternative aggregates instead of ordinary aggregates. In this study, pumice stone is used as replacement materials for concrete where it is found in the abyssal of the red clay or in deepest portion of the ocean, and partially replacing by Pumice, blends with cement. The physical, mechanical and durability properties of concrete was investigated by conduction compressive strength and tensile strength on the ordinary and replaced concrete with varied percentage of pumice from 5% to 30%. It’s obsereved that environmental and economical benefits can be achieved if waste materials can be used to replace the coarse aggregate in order to use the waste materials effectively in areas with abundant availability of materials. This thesis work on the effectiveness of partial substitutions of pumice for coarse aggregate in producing adequate strength gain. In the present thesis work comparison of fresh concrete and hardened properties of concrete for both conventional concrete and Replaced concrete for varying percentage of replacement of pumice stone to coarse aggregate and based on the experimental results, it’s concluded that 25% partial replacement by pumice gives maximum compresive strength.

Experimental Assessment of Strength Parameters of River Sand for Sandcrete Block Production

Sandcrete block is a vital building material used in the construction of building structures. The sandcrete blocks are produced by different manufacturers using river sand obtained from different locations as aggregate material without recourse to the minimum quality standard for the blocks produced. The study assessed the strength parameters of river sand used as an aggregate material in block production to determine its quality and suitability in relation to the strength of block produced. Three (3) block manufacturing sites in Nigeria were visited and 27 (twenty-seven) blocks of size 450 mm x 225 mm x 225 mm were selected randomly from the sites. The properties of the river sand was analyzed through sieve analyses, bulk density, silt content and water absorption while the compressive strength of the blocks was also tested. The result of sieve analysis of the river sand used in block production for this study all satisfied the particle size requirements of BS EN 933-1:1997 for general construction work including block production. The result of the study also shows that blocks produced with the river sand after 28days have an average compressive strength of 1.23 N/mm2 (SW), 1.54 N/mm2 (SE) and 1.95N/mm2 (NE). The study, therefore, concluded and recommended that regulatory and professional bodies in partnership with relevant associations should organize seminars for producers of sandcrete blocks on the best practices involved in producing quality sandcrete blocks.

Dynamic Effects of Material Production and Environmental Sustainability on Economic Vitality Indicators: A Panel VAR Approach

This study analyzes the relationships and dynamics between material production, foreign direct investment (FDI), economic activity, carbon productivity, the stock market, and green tech, both in a global and European context, using panel vector autoregressive methodology (PVAR). The empirical evidence obtained for the Global Group reveals four significant and positive unidirectional causality relationships, where aggregate material production is the prominent variable. For the EU-15 group, six significant causality relationships were detected, among them three negative and three positive unidirectional relationships. The stock markets shock reveals to be the most dominant variable, despite FDI standing out as causing the greatest shock effect. Nevertheless, in the European context, limited evidence of dematerialization is detected. Economic recessions show a generally negative effect, which contrasts with the economic Kitchin cycles, which reveal the effect of a generally positive relationship.

Potential water pollution from recycled concrete aggregate material

Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are a widely used recycled building material. RCA materials have many uses such as a road base or backfilling trenches. Our study investigated the potential water-contamination risks of water exposed to RCA materials. We recirculated water for 60min through four different treatments. Two treatments were a PVC gutter filled with different size grades of RCA material (20mm and 45mm), the third treatment was a clean PVC gutter and the fourth and final treatment was an unused concrete water pipe. Results showed that RCA material exposed to water released a suite of contaminants that could be ecologically hazardous to aquatic species. RCA leached metals over the 60-min recirculation (aluminium, arsenic, barium, chromium, lead, manganese, molybdenum, titanium, lithium and strontium). Water exposed to RCA material exceeded aquatic ecosystem guidelines for aluminium by 50 times and lead by up to 12 times. RCA materials increased pH by up to 4.35 pH units and electrical conductivity (EC) by up to 11 times the starting EC (mean 27.9 µs cm–1). We suggest that RCA materials need to be used with caution in settings that could be exposed to water and flow to waterways of conservation value.

Analysis Mixed Layer Asphalt Surface as Asbuton Ac-Wc Characteristics of Marshall

Natural asphalt is asphalt obtained somewhere in nature, and can be used as obtained or with little processing. No natural asphalt obtained in the mountains like asphalt in Buton island called Asbuton. Asphalt Buton island is a mixture of bitumen material with other mineral materials in the form of rocks. Because asbuton is so sajaa material found in nature, the levels of bitumen dikandungnyaa greatly varies from low to high. To overcome this, then asbuton began to be produced in various forms at the processing plant asbuton. To reduce the use of natural asphalt eat more steps to do research on utilizing asbuton with the composition 6%, 8%, 10%. The purpose of this study is 1.) Determine the material characteristics LGA Asbuton can meet the specifications of Highways in 2018 on a mix of AC-WC 2.) Determine the value of Optimum Asphalt Content on asphalt concrete AC-WC (Asphalt Concrete - Wearing Course) with extra material LGA Asbuton 3.) Knowing how the performance of asphalt concrete AC-WC with additional material and bitumen 60/70 Asbuton terms of Marshall Test. The study was conducted with an experimental method through laboratory testing. The expected benefits of this research is the discovery of optimizing the use of Asbuton for at the time of execution of the work of new road construction or road maintenance and provide alternative natural aggregate material consumption to a minimum.The test results for the optimum bitumen content KAO on the composition 1 Asbuton 6% with a variation of bitumen (5.05% 5.55% 6.05% 6.55% 7.05%) of the chart can be found KAO Marshall 6.2%. Composition 2 Asbuton 8% with a variation of asphalt (5.0% 5.5% 6.0% 6.5% 7.0%) on the graph can be found KAO Marshall 6.3%. Composition 3 Asbuton 10% with a variation of asphalt (5.0% 5.5% 6.0% 6.5% 7.0%) on the graph can be found KAO Marshall 6.4%. Variations in the composition of 6%, 8% and 10% meet all the requirements of the properties of hot asphalt mix can specification of Highways in 2018.

Strength Properties of Concrete with M-Sand as Fine Aggregate Incorporating with Acrylic Fiber

The river sand is the natural sort of fine aggregate material which is employed within the concrete and mortar. It’s usually obtained from the river bed and mining has disastrous environment consequences. Rather than the river sand we are using M-sand as fine aggregate within the concrete. The event of acrylic concrete marks a crucial milestone in improving the merchandise quality and efficiency of the concrete. Usage of acrylic within the concrete will increase the strength and durability of the concrete. It enhances the performance of the concrete and increase energy absorption compared with plain concrete. Within the present work we are getting to analysis the strength properties of fiber reinforced M-sand concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, and bond strength.