EXITING POVERTY THROUGH SELF-EMPLOYMENT: THE GRAMEEN MODEL AND ROTATING CREDIT ASSOCIATIONS AS ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES

Self-employment in the informal sector keeps poor people alive, but it rarely enables them to exit poverty. To exit poverty through self-employment, poor people require monetary and non-monetary resources which they overwhelmingly lack. To escape this dilemma, the owners of survivalist business firms need to band together in order to assemble a minimal resource base on the strength of which they can together upgrade their partnership. Because resources are scarce in poverty populations, this task is exceptionally hard to accomplish. Rotating credit and savings associations (ROSCAs) can enable individuals to exit poverty through self-employment, but ROSCAs only work in the most-resourced, upper tier of a poverty population. In the lower tier, Grameen model banks inject organizational, educational, and financial resources that enable impoverished individuals to exit poverty by upgrading a survivalist business.

Conditions for bending cotton stalks of a combined aggregation bender and their implementation

As the object of the research, the cotton stalk and its physical and mechanical properties, the elastic of the combined aggregate and the spherical disk were accepted. Like many other European countries, our country has also developed minimal, resource-saving and zero technologies for the cultivation of agricultural products, and their technical solutions are being supported and implemented by farmers and clusters. In particular, in the preparation of cotton fields for sowing for the next year in one pass of machinery in cotton growing, the research was conducted on the development of a minimum technology and a combined unit that implements it. In the implementation of this technology, the cotton stalks are tilted to the side furrow in the direction of movement of the aggregate, and the root is laid on the bottom of the furrow with the soil. The bottom layer of the existing pile is then divided into two parts, each of which is rolled over the cotton stalks on the side edges on both sides, where a new pile is formed. Once the aggregate has passed, the existing ridges are replaced by ridges with cotton stalks buried under them, and ridges are formed in place of the existing ridges. In the study, the angle of the axis of symmetry was determined by the angle of the stalks, and in the laboratory, the amount of force required to bend the stalks was determined using a specially prepared stand. In the study, the width of the flexible cover is 45 cm, the mounting angle of the straight part of the flexible relative to the direction of movement is 35-450, the radius of curvature should be 100 mm, the mounting height relative to the ridge should be 15 cm, and the shape was determined. Bending of cotton stalks standing on the ridge in the direction of aggregate movement to the side ridge, digging them with root soil, longitudinal laying at the bottom of this ridge can be done using a spherical disk.

Rapid and robust assembly and decoding of molecular tags with DNA-based nanopore signatures

Molecular tagging is an approach to labeling physical objects using DNA or other molecules that can be used when methods such as RFID tags and QR codes are unsuitable. No molecular tagging method exists that is inexpensive, fast and reliable to decode, and usable in minimal resource environments to create or read tags. To address this, we present Porcupine, an end-user molecular tagging system featuring DNA-based tags readable within seconds using a portable nanopore device. Porcupine’s digital bits are represented by the presence or absence of distinct DNA strands, called molecular bits (molbits). We classify molbits directly from raw nanopore signal, avoiding basecalling. To extend shelf life, decrease readout time, and make tags robust to environmental contamination, molbits are prepared for readout during tag assembly and can be stabilized by dehydration. The result is an extensible, real-time, high accuracy tagging system that includes an approach to developing highly separable barcodes.