Reactive Extraction of Tartaric Acid

The present paper describes the results of reactive extraction of tartaric acid in model systems, which can be used for its separation from secondary wine products. As extractant have been used a normal/isododecyl mixed secondary amine Amberlite LA-2. The following parameters of the separation process have been varied: nature of diluent and modifier; modifier concentration; concentration, temperature and pH of the tartaric acid solution and the stirring time, and the work intervals have been established. It was concluded that in determinated conditions the extent of tartaric acid extraction attains value 85-95%.

Extraction of D-Tartaric Acid with Alamine 336/LIX 54 Mixture

Extraction equilibria in the system aqueous solution of D-tartaric acid-solution of tertiary amine in diluent at 25 °C have been studied. The amine was Alamine 336, a long-chain tertiary amine with C8-C10 alkyls in 2 : 1 ratio; the diluent was chelating extractant LIX 54, a solution of an alkyl β-diketone in kerosene. The experimental results were correlated using a mathematical model which takes into account chemical reactions involved in acid-amine complex formation and non-specific effects of the nonideality of the system.

Extraction of Tartaric Acid with Trialkylamine

Extraction equilibria in the system aqueous solution of D-tartaric acid/solution of trialkylamine in binary diluent at 25 °C have been investigated. The amine used was a mixture of trialkylamines with C7-C9 alkyls, the diluent was a mixture hydrocarbon (n-heptane, kerosene) and a modifier (octan-1-ol, isodecanol, methyl isobutyl ketone). The effect of solvent composition on equilibrium was investigated and the experimental results were correlated using a mathematical model that takes into account chemical reactions involved in acid/amine complex formation, and the nonspecific effects of the nonideality of the system.

Fluorometric Determination of Methylergonovine Maleate and Ergonovine Maleate in Tablets and Injections

A column cleanup, followed by a shakeout and fluorometric determination, has been developed to determine methylergonovine maleate and ergonovine maleate in tablets and injections. The ether eluate is extracted with tartaric acid solution. An aliquot is diluted with sodium tartrate solution, and this solution is excited at 325 nm. The resulting fluorescence is measured at 432 nm. Results obtained using this method compare favorably with those from the official NF XIV procedure and a semiautomated procedure. Recoveries of 100 and 99% were obtained from one sample each of spiked excipient tablets of methylergonovine maleate and ergonovine maleate, respectively.

Leaching of Pewterware by Organic Acids

Three pewter goblets were repeatedly leached by acetic, citric, lactic, malonic, and tartaric acid solutions. The leach solutions were periodically analyzed for Pb, Cd, Cu, Bi, Sb, and Sn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Analysis of the leach solutions showed that, without the addition of nitric or perchloric acid to the acetic and malonic acid leach solutions, Pb precipitated from the solutions on standing. Addition of the mineral acids redissolved the precipitate. Pb, Cd, and Bi were found in higher concentrations in the leach solution than in the metal; Cu and Sb were less concentrated in the leach, while the amount of Sn was approximately equal in both. Tartaric acid solution dissolved about 9 times as much metal from the pewter as the other organic acids but removed less Pb than acetic or malonic acids. None of these samples tested exceeded the Food and Drug Administration standards for Pb or Cd release.

Ptomaïnes extracted from Urine in certain Infectious Diseases

The author has extracted ptomaïnes from the urine of patients suffering from certain infectious diseases by the following method :— (a) A considerable quantity of urine was made alkaline by the addition of a solution of sodium carbonate, and then agitated with half its volume of ether, (b) The ethereal solution (after standing) was filtered, and agitated with a solution of tartaric acid. The tartaric acid combines with any ptomaïnes present, forming soluble tartrates ; and the solution of tartrates forms the lower layer of the liquid mass, (c) The tartaric acid solution (after being separated from the ether) was also made alkaline by the addition of sodium carbonate, and was once more agitated with half its volume of ether. (d) The ethereal solution (after standing) was separated, and the ether allowed to evaporate spontaneously, (e) The residue (after drying over sulphuric acid) was treated with water, an excess of pure calcium hydroxide added, and the mixture evaporated on a water-bath. The residue so obtained was treated with chloroform and filtered. The filtrate (after evaporation) yielded the ptomaïne in an isolated and a crystalline condition.