Appropriate Biomarkers For Oxidative Stress In Patients With End Stage Renal Disease

The appropriate biomarkers for oxidative stress (OS) in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) are important in renal pathology. Patients (56) with ESRD were investigated (35 men and 21 women). Patients, with mean age of 45±17 years, defined education, specific HD duration and calculated body mass index (BMI), were exposed to a polysulphone type HD membrane for approximately 4 hours per HD session, 3 times per week. The control group was composed of 31 healthy volunteers. The total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and the antioxidative (AO) enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were assessed. Analyses included Randox Crumlin GB; lipid peroxidation (LP) using its end product, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) (fluorimetric); and a LDL-ox immunoassay (Biomedica gruppe, Vienna, Austria). The TAS was higher in ESRD patients before HD (1.63±0.1 mmol/L) compared to the control group (1.23±0.03 mmol/L).

Antioxidant Defense Enzymes Response Following Polychlorinated Biphenyls Exposure to Eisenia fetida in Actual Polluted Soil

The responses of antioxidant systems after exposing Eisenia fetida to actual soil contaminated with PCBs were investigated. Among antioxidant enzymes, the primary response to early PCBs exposure can be attributed to catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). These two enzymes could have a combined effect on fighting damage by reactive oxygen species. An obvious increase in the activity of CAT was recorded at 4 mg kg-1 compared to the control throughout the whole test days. PCBs exposure caused changes in POD activity in 2d and 4d. However, the activity of POD in E. fetida tissues changed little with PCBs concentrations in day 8 and 16d. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) changed little with PCBs in different time. The results suggest that the variations in CAT and POD of E. fetida could be used as early responsive biomarkers for oxidative stress caused by PCBs in a soil environment.