Communicating efficacy: How the IPCC, scientists, and other communicators can facilitate adaptive responses to climate change without compromising on policy neutrality

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) adopts a solution-oriented approach to communicating climate change, but does not advocate any specific mitigation or adaptation options. While this helps to maintain a neutral stance in relation to policy advocacy, this approach may also create reluctance amongst IPCC scientists to communicate affective information about climate change, which could help to facilitate behavioural and societal transitions to manage climate risks. Research from the social sciences demonstrates that communications can influence cognitive, affective, and behavioural engagement with climate change. Specifically, there is ample evidence that people’s sense of ‘efficacy’ — beliefs about personal or collective capacity to respond, and effectiveness of responses — must be appealed to sufficiently alongside communication about the threats posed by climate change, to help facilitate mitigation and adaptation responses. This essay draws on a range of research findings to argue that the IPCC’s scientists and communications personnel can nurture efficacy beliefs about climate change, without compromising on values of policy neutrality, or undermining public trust. Specifically, the essay draws on communications strategies related to vicarious learning, mastery experiences, highlighting success stories, and use of language and imagery, which have been shown to increase efficacy. The essay has implications for how IPCC scientists and the organisation as a whole engages with a range of audiences, and suggestions also have relevance for other communicators of climate change, such as governments, academics, journalists, health professionals, community leaders, and creative practitioners.

Arbitration Involving Governmental Entities

The paper aims to provide an overview of the main issues related to the participation of governmental entities in arbitration proceedings. First, the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration as a model of conflict resolution are analyzed. Subsequently, a number of issues of particular relevance are discussed, such as the waiver of the prerogatives of the public authorities in the drafting of the arbitration agreement, political deflection, public policy, neutrality and interagency arbitration.

A DISCIPLINE PENALTY ENFORCEMENT MODEL TOWARD NEUTRALITY VIOLATION OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES ON REGIONAL ELECTION IN CENTRAL JAVA

At this time, the implementation of neutrality for government employees are still use the legalistic approach. It doesn’t mean that this approach is problematic, but its not relevan when this approach is a self-implementing. That's why the policy is required by casuistry and situational approach, which means that the rule become the basis of law enforcement, while the case resolved by the consideration of the situation and the real reason that occur in the field. In this regard, the government should set standards, procedures and clear criteria against violations of neutrality as a basis for the imposition of penalties that are scalable and doesn’t have a double standard. Thats why its necessary to have institution that independent, objective and transparent. Keywords: Legal Policy, Neutrality, Law enforcement.

ROTC Policy Regarding Homosexuals

This is a policy analysis, in a historical context, of how Association of American University institutions responded to Reserve Officer Training Corps policy excluding homosexuals. The time period for this study is 1982 to 1992. Qualitative methods are used to analyze data and arrive at conclusions. Secondary data provide additional depth and background. This study reveals seven different positions institutions have taken in response to ROTC policy, these include: supporting ROTC policy, neutrality, collective action, barring military recruiters from campus, distancing the institution from ROTC, and changing the campus climate. This includes examples taken from AAU institutions and rationales behind making policy decisions.