Orthognathic Surgery with anterior segmental osteotomy as alternative of treatment in patients with dento-skeletal deformity Class III AP maxillary deficiency with dental compensation. Case report.

Introduction: Orthognathic surgery is a routine procedure carried out by maxillofacial surgeons in patients with dento-skeletal deformations (DSD) with the objective of achieving functional and esthetical satisfactory results. However, some in cases, due to the decision of the patient or the orthodontic team, the occlusion is tried to be compensated with the intention of avoiding surgery, without optimal results. As a consequence, some extra procedures are required in the surgery to correct and obtain better results. Objective: The aim of this case is to propose the anterior segmental osteotomy (ASO) as alternative of treatment in patients with dento-skeletal deformity class III with maxillary and para-nasal deficiency which have been orthodontically compensated. Material and methods: A 18 years old female with DED Class III due anterior-posterior (AP) maxillary and paranasal deficiency and AP mandibular excess. The surgery was carried out through Le Fort I osteotomy in combination with a segmentary osteotomy at the expense of first premolars and bilateral setback sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). Clinical and imageology post operatory controls were made during the first 6 months and at two years. Results: Through the realization of the anterior segmental osteotomy the correction of occlusal and transversal alterations of the patient maxilla were performed and additionally favorable facial changes were obtained. Conclusion: The initial orthodontic management of patients with DSD will influence the surgical procedures and the achievement of a balance between esthetics and function. This illustrates why the treatment of these patients must be multidisciplinary; the treatment that was chosen in this case was innovative and could be an alternative for the treatments of patients with DED Class III.

A new abnormality record in bats: a teratological condition or skull trauma due to tooth avulsion in Noctilio leporinus?

Here we report on a skull of an adult male Noctilio leporinus caught in the Guiana Shield, South America. The animal was lacking the upper left molar-row and exhibited skeletal deformations in the rostral and palatal regions. This aberration could have been the result of a traumatic avulsion of the left C1. As a consequence of its position and depth of the root, the C1 avulsion could have broken much of the surrounding alveolar process during the initial injury, with subsequent loss of the remaining teeth via periodontal inflammation and tooth decay.

Composition, Structure, and Function of the Eukaryotic Flagellum Distal Tip

Cilia and flagella are long extensions commonly found on the surface of eukaryotic cells. In fact, most human cells have a flagellum, and failure to correctly form cilia leads to a spectrum of diseases gathered under the name “ciliopathies”. Since cilia are so wide spread in the body, their malfunction can affect multiple organs with symptoms such as blindness, deafness, skeletal deformations, infertility and mental retardation. The cilium distal tip is where a cilium grows and signals. Therefore, the correct structure and composition of this region should be crucial to avoid the health issues associated with the ciliopathies. Yet, out of the flagellar regions, the distal tip is probably the least intensively studied. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the flagellar tip structure, the dynamicity and signalling that occurs here and the proteins localizing to this important cellular region.

Hypophosphatasia: the clinical description of 3 cases of the disease with the molecular-genetic verification of the diagnosis

Hypophosphatasia is a rare hereditary rickets-like disease resulting from the impaired activity of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase encoded by the ALPL gene. A few forms of this pathology are distinguished depending on the severity of its clinical picture and the age at which its symptoms begin to manifest themselves. The main clinical signs of the disease are skeletal deformations, muscular hypotonia, and respiratory insufficiency in the early childhood as well as the retardation of the physical and motor development and early loss of the teeth In the mature age, such patients suffer from stress fractures, muscle pain, calcification of the ligaments and joints. The biochemical markers of hypophosphatasia are the low blood alkaline phosphatase level and the high urinary phosphoethanolamine level. Also, the severe forms of the disease are associated with hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and the low parathormone level. The authors describe the patients presenting with Hypophosphatasia of different severity in whom the molecular-genetic verification of the diagnosis was undertaken for the first time in this country.

Morphophunctional features of blood mononuclear cells culture in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta: clinicodiagnostic observation

The use of intramedullary bioactive osteosynthesis combined with Ilizarov’s apparatus is promoting to correction of skeletal deformations and is allowing putting patients with osteogenesis imperfecta on their legs. Morphofunctional parameters of blood mononuclear cells can be considered as probable markers and predictors of osteogenesis imperfecta course and duration of patients rehabilitation.