The efficacy of smart speaker–based metamemory training in older adults: Case control cohort study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Metamemory training is a type of useful training program for improving cognitive functioning in old age. Despite these advantages, there are limitations imposed by location or time constraints. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a smart speaker-based metamemory training and evaluate the efficacy of the smart speaker-based metamemory training in older adults without cognitive impairment. METHODS This was a case–control cohort study. The speaker-based metamemory training program is comprised of three sessions per day for 8 weeks. Each training session took about 15 minutes. This program was implemented using smart speakers, not human trainers. All participants completed the Mini-Mental State Examination, Subjective Memory Complaint Questionnaire, Verbal Learning Test, Digit Span and Fluency tests, and Geriatric Depression Scale before and after training. RESULTS A total of 60 subjects (29 in the training group and 31 in the control group) participated in the study. The training group showed significant increases in the delayed free recall, digit span forward, digit span backward, and fluency test scores compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the efficacy of smart speaker-based metamemory training in older adults. Home-based smart speaker-based metamemory training is not limited with respect to location or constrained by space, and may help older adults with subjective cognitive decline without requiring intervention by human professionals.