Dynamic conditional betas and equity returns

Our study makes use of a new approach to estimate time-varyingbetas with an application of the corrected Dynamic Conditional Correlation (cDCC) model. Our empirical methodology encompasses an examination of predictive relations between equity return and different specifications of dynamic conditional beta, using cross-sectional regression analysis at both the portfolio and firm levels. Our main finding is a significant, positive relation between equity excess return and an interactive cross product term of dynamic conditional beta and market excess return ([Formula: see text]); suggesting that equity return is largely determined by an interaction effect between dynamic beta and market return.

Does SLE widen or narrow race/ethnic disparities in the risk of five co-morbid conditions? Evidence from a community-based outpatient care system

Objective The heterogeneous spectrum of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often presents with secondary complications such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), infections and neoplasms. Our study assessed whether the presence of SLE independently increases or reduces the disparities, accounting for the already higher risk of these outcomes among racial/ethnic minority groups without SLE. Methods We defined a cohort using electronic health records data (2005–2016) from a mixed-payer community-based outpatient setting in California serving patients of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. The eligible population included adult patients with SLE and matched non-SLE patients (≥18 years old). SLE was the primary exposure. The following outcomes were identified: pneumonia, other infections, CVD and neoplasms. For each racial/ethnic group, we calculated the proportion of incident co-morbidities by SLE exposure, followed by logistic regression for each outcome with SLE as the exposure. We evaluated interaction on the additive and multiplicative scales by calculating the relative excess risk due to interaction and estimating the cross-product term in each model. Results We identified 1036 SLE cases and 8875 controls. The incidence for all outcomes was higher among the SLE exposed. We found little difference in the odds of the outcomes associated with SLE across racial/ethnic groups, even after multivariable adjustment. This finding was consistent on the multiplicative and additive scales. Conclusion We demonstrated that SLE status does not independently confer substantial interaction or heterogeneity by race/ethnicity toward the risk of pneumonia, other infections, CVD or neoplasms. Further studies in larger datasets are necessary to validate this novel finding.

Traditional Diet Influences Erythrocyte Fatty Acids Differentially Across Genetic Variants of Fatty Acid Metabolism: The Greenlandic Inuit Health in Transition Cohort (FS11-02-19)

Objectives Traditional foods of the Greenlandic Inuit are mainly fish and marine mammals. Hence, the high fat content and unique dietary fatty acid (FA) profile may affect circulating FA profiles. Moreover, it is shown that the rs80356779 variant of the carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) gene, involved in FA transportation, underwent positive selection in Inuit ancestors. The variant is associated with circulating FA profiles in Inuit, and selection may be a result of diet adaptation. While the variant may modify the dietary effect on FA metabolism, the gene-diet interaction has not been tested. Therefore, we aimed to assess if an interaction exists between the CPT1A variant and intake of traditional diet on erythrocyte membrane levels of very-long-chain n-3 PUFAs and the FAs previously found to be associated with the variant in Greenlandic Inuit. Methods We included 3005 individuals (mean age = 45 years) living in Greenland, who were genotyped and had erythrocyte membranes measured for the content of 40 FA. Food intake was estimated from a 68-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Consumption of 25 food items typical of the traditional diet was expressed as percentage of total energy intake. Linear mixed models were fitted, regressing a normalized FA variable on genotype, the Inuit diet variable, and their cross-product term, adjusting for population structure, relatedness, age, and sex. P-values were corrected by genomic control. Subsequent QQ-plots based on genome wide markers showed no indication of confounding. Results Sixty % of participants were homozygous for the derived CPT1A allele; 33% were heterozygous. Median % (interquartile range) of energy from traditional diet was 17% (8.8–30.5%). Of the 10 FAs that CPT1A had a main effect on (P < 10−5), significant diet × gene interactions (P < 0.001) were found for 20:1n-9, where the derived allele attenuated the positive association between diet and the FA, and for 20:3n-6, where the derived allele amplified the negative association between diet and the FA. Nominal effects (P < 0.05) were seen for 18:2n-6, 20:0, 24:0, and 22:5n-3. Conclusions Our results suggest the association between traditional diet and erythrocyte FA composition is affected by CPT1A genotype. Further analyses are needed to explore which specific foods drive the interaction. Funding Sources Lundbeck Foundation.

DIAGONALISASI BENTUK KUADRATIK IRISAN KERUCUT

In general, the conic section equation consists of three parts, namely quadratic, cross-product, and linear terms. A conic sections will be easily determined by its shape if it does not contain cross-product term, otherwise it is difficult to determine. Analytically a cone slice is a quadratic form of equation. A concept in linear algebraic discussion can be applied to facilitate the discovery of a shape of a conic section. The process of diagonalization can transform a quadratic form into another form which does not contain crosslinking tribes, ie by diagonalizing the quadrate portion. Hence this paper presents the application of an algebraic concept to find a form of conic sections.

Ultimate Bound of a 3D Chaotic System and Its Application in Chaos Synchronization

Two ellipsoidal ultimate boundary regions of a special three-dimensional (3D) chaotic system are proposed. To this chaotic system, the linear coefficient of theith state variable in theith state equation has the same sign; it also has two one-order terms and one quadratic cross-product term in each equation. A numerical solution and an analytical expression of the ultimate bounds are received. To get the analytical expression of the ultimate boundary region, a new result of one maximum optimization question is proved. The corresponding ultimate boundary regions are demonstrated through numerical simulations. Utilizing the bounds obtained, a linear controller is proposed to achieve the complete chaos synchronization. Numerical simulation exhibits the feasibility of the designed scheme.

A Novel Three Dimension Autonomous Chaotic System with a Quadratic Exponential Nonlinear Term

A novel three dimension autonomous (3D) chaotic system with a quadratic exponential nonlinear term and a quadratic cross-product term is described in this paper. The basic dynamical properties of the new attractor are studied. The forming mechanism of its compound structure, obtained by merging together two simple attractors after performing one mirror operation, has been investigated by detailed numerical as well as theoretical analysis. Finally, the exponential operation circuit and its temperature-compensation circuit, which makes the new system more applicable from a practical engineering perspective, are investigated.

A NOVEL HYPERCHAOTIC SYSTEM AND ITS COMPLEX DYNAMICS

This paper is concerned with a novel four-dimensional continuous autonomous hyperchaotic system, which is obtained by adding a simple dynamical state-feedback controller to a Lorenz-like three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system. This new system contains three parameters and each equation of the system has one quadratic cross-product term. Some basic properties of the system are studied first. Its complex dynamic behaviors are then analyzed by means of Lyapunov exponent (LE) spectrum, bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits and Poincaré sections. It is shown that the system has several large hyperchaotic regions. When the system is evolving in a hyperchaotic region, the two positive LEs are both large, which can be larger than 1 if the system parameters are taken appropriately. The pitchfork bifurcation of the system is finally analyzed by using the center manifold theorem.

THE GENERATION AND ANALYSIS OF A NEW FOUR-DIMENSIONAL HYPERCHAOTIC SYSTEM

A new four-dimensional continuous autonomous hyperchaotic system is considered. It possesses two parameters, and each equation of it has one quadratic cross product term. Some basic properties of it are studied. The dynamic behaviors of it are analyzed by the Lyapunov exponent (LE) spectrum, bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, and Poincaré sections. The system has larger hyperchaotic region. When it is hyperchaotic, the two positive LE are both large and they are both larger than 1 if the system parameters are taken appropriately.