Bioactivity of Fortified Honey with lycopene extracted from tomatoes Solanum lycopersicum

Objective: to find a modern technology to produce honey fortified naturally with lycopene extracted from tomatoes and to examine the bioactivity of the novel product. Materials and methods: Lycopene was extracted from tomatoes, tomatoes peels and tomatoes juice, the presence of lycopene and its concentrations was detected using UV-vis., the extracted lycopene was added to natural honey in different concentrations, the presence of lycopene in naturally fortified honey produced using HPLC technology was detected and active ingredients were detected using GC-MASS technology. Results: the tomatoes peels gave the highest concentration of lycopene compared to other parts, it gave a value of 0.52 relay factor (Rf) in addition to the appearance of a peak at a retention time (Rt) of 11.3 minutes corresponding to the standard lycopene top retention time, when performing a spectrophotometry between (300-600nm), pure lycopene gave three peaks at 440,460, 503nm wavelengths, and the retention coefficient (COD) is 0.98, 1.00, and 0.96 respectively. The effectiveness of enzymes (SOD) and (GPX) when treating with CCl4, it was found that the effectiveness of the two enzymes increased when using honey and lycopene in its various forms, as shown in results, a number of raw lycopene components appear in fortified honey such as; Ibuprofen, anti-inflammatory, sedative and substance, 1-Tetrazol-2-ylethanone, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-epileptic, anti-viral, antihypertensive, anti-malarial drug, anti- anxiety, depression, antihistamine, and 4H-Pyran-4 -one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl which is an anti- cancer substance. Conclusion: the new honey fortified with lycopene shows a high activity against microbes, and also can be applied as anti-depression, anti-allergic and more.

Crosslinked Sodium Alginate as a Material for Nanolfiltration Protonic and Aprotonic Solvents

In this work, for the first time, salts of bivalent and trivalent metals were used as crosslinking agents for nanofiltration membranes based on sodium alginate. The developed membranes were investigated for chemical stability in protic and aprotic solvents, the dependence of the permeability of these solvents on their sorption into the membrane material was obtained. The separating properties of membranes based on sodium alginate crosslinked with metal cations were investigated. The retention coefficient of the model substance with a molecular weight of 626 g/mol, dissolved in ethanol, was 97%.

Effect of feed processing during the nursery rearing of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study aimed to compare 5 feed processing for O. niloticus fingerlings: ME1: micro-extruded 1 mm; ED03: extruded and disintegrated 0.3 mm; ED06: extruded and disintegrated 0.6 mm; BF03: bran 0.3 mm and BF06: bran 0.6 mm. Feed conversion was lower in ME1 and ED06. The protein retention coefficient was statistically higher in ME1. The fish proximate composition did not differ among treatments. Although superior in ME1 weight gain did not differ statistically from ED06. ME1 resulted in nitrogen and phosphorus in water statistically lower. ME1, ED06 and BF06 obtained the highest partial net revenues. Thus, ME1 presented the best zootechnical indices, economic performance and reduced impact on water quality.

Macromineral and trace element requirements for Santa Ines sheep

Minerals play an important role in animal metabolism. Knowledge of mineral requirements allows well-formulated diets to be provided, which is the main factor that affects performance. To determine the macromineral and trace element requirements for growth and maintenance, thirty-eight 2-month-old Santa Ines lambs with initial body weight (BW) of 13.0 ± 1.49 kg were distributed in a factorial design with feeding levels (ad libitum, 30% and 60% feed restriction) and sex classes [castrated (CM) and intact males (IM)]. The net mineral requirements for gain were higher (P < 0.05) with increasing BW and average daily gain, except for Ca and Na, which remained constant as the empty BW (EBW) increased. The macromineral net requirement for maintenance (g/kg EBW0.75) and the true retention coefficient (k; %) were 0.0784 and 65.2 for Ca, 0.0926 and 80.0 for P, and 0.0379 and 59.0 for K, respectively. The k of Mg was higher (P < 0.05) for IM (11.3 for IM and 7.9 for CM). Sex did not affect (P > 0.05) the maintenance requirement of the trace elements Co, Cu, Zn and Cr which were 0.0015, 0.037, 0.698, and 0.0055 (mg/kg EBW0.75), respectively. Our study indicated that the Santa Ines net mineral requirements are different from the main nutritional requirements established by committees for sheep, which may result in unbalanced diets.

Analysis of experimental data on the kinetic characteristics of milk whey purification using ultrafiltration elements of BTU 05/2 type

The paper presents the results of experimental data on the kinetic characteristics of ultrafiltration tubular elements, such as the output specific flow, retention coefficient, diffusion permeability coefficient, distribution coefficient. To study the purification of milk whey, we used tubular ultrafilters BTU 05/2 with membrane material fluoroplast (F), polyethersulfone (PESF), polysulfone (PS). For theoretical calculation of the retention coefficient, output specific flux, diffusion permeability coefficient, distribution coefficient, mathematical expressions were developed and empirical coefficients were obtained. The developed mathematical expression describes the experimental data with good reliability. The obtained experimental and calculated data can be used with high reliability in calculating mass-transfer fluxes of substances through a semi-permeable membrane, as well as in engineering methods for calculating and predicting efficiency, and using membrane processes for concentrating serum. The protein concentration in real milk whey was determined by formol titration. On the basis of the studies carried out, the dependence of the growth of the output specific flow on pressure was established, that the optimal pressure for concentrating milk whey on the ultrafiltration membranes we have chosen is 0.25 MPa. For three types of ultrafilters, the experimental value of the coefficient was within 99% for protein. For the theoretical calculation of the retention coefficient, a program in the MAXIMA language was developed and registered. Due to the method of applying the membrane to the reinforcing element, the membrane material polyethersulfone (PESF) and polysulfone (PS) have a substrate, due to which they sorb more substances on themselves, because of this, the diffusion permeability coefficient and the distribution coefficient are much higher than that of a filter element with membrane made of fluoroplastic (F), which does not have a substrate.

Features of Ultrafiltration Purification of Waste Water from Sodium Lauryl Sulphate

A study of the process of ultrafiltration separation of a solution containing an anionic surfactant on membranes of different types: cellulose acetate and polysulfonamide was carried out. It was found that the material of the active layer of the composite membrane has a significant effect on the ultrafiltration separation of such solutions. High values of the retention coefficient during ultrafiltration separation of solutions containing anionic surfactants were obtained in dilute solutions.

Testing the Feldstein Horioka puzzle in Algeria: Maki co-integratioan and hidden causality analysis

The aim of this paper is to test the existence of Feldstein Horioka puzzle in the case of Algerian economy for the period 1970-2019 by examining the link between domestic savings and investments, we use in this paper both the co-integration tests under Gregory-Hansen (1996), Hatemi-J (2008) and Maki (2012) tests in the context of structural breaks, and the symmetric and asymmetric causality (hidden causality) proposed by Hacker-Hatemi (2010) and Hatemi (2012) respectively, the results suggest that there is a co-integration relationship between saving and investment with five endogenous structural breaks, and the saving retention coefficient is equal to 0.324 which means the existence of Feldstein-Horioka puzzle in a weaker form and high capital mobility, on the other hand, the results indicate asymmetric causal relationship between savings and investments.

Ensuring the Financial Sustainability of Insurance Companies in the Face of Global Challenges

The article is aimed at analyzing the financial sustainability of insurance companies in dynamics, identifying the factors of influence upon it, determining the peculiarities of its provision in the face of global challenges. Global challenges, one of which is the modern pandemic resulting in the introduced socio-behavioral restrictions, caused a decline in business activity of economic entities, which significantly affected the insurance market and actualized the analysis and provision of financial sustainability of insurance companies. As result of the study, liquidity coefficients of insurance reserves, independence and financial autonomy are computed as the main indicators of financial sustainability. The analysis of the dependence of the of risk of insurance coefficient, the risk retention coefficient, the coefficient of unprofitableness of insurance operations, the profitability of sale coefficient from the proportion of ground transport insurance, the proportion of insurance of other property, the proportion of compulsory insurance of civil liability of owners of land vehicles is carried out. The criteria for ensuring financial sustainability and appropriate measures to strengthen it in the face of global challenges are proposed. Prospects for further research in this direction are the analysis of changes in the behavior of insurance companies in order to identify patterns of behavior of insurers during certain global challenges and megacrises.

Predicting Stormwater Retention Capacity of Green Roofs: An Experimental Study of the Roles of Climate, Substrate Soil Moisture, and Drainage Layer Properties

Due to the ever-increasing degree of urbanization, blue and green infrastructures are becoming important tools for achieving stormwater management sustainability in urban areas. Concerning green roofs, although scientists have investigated their behaviors under different climates and building practices, their hydrological performance is still a thought-provoking field of research. An event scale analysis based on thirty-five rainfall–runoff events recorded at a new set of experimental green roofs located in Southern Italy has been performed with the aim of identifying the relative roles of climate, substrate moisture conditions, and building practices on retention properties. The retention coefficient showed a wide range of variability, which could not be captured by neither simple nor multiple linear regression analysis, relating the latter to rainfall characteristics and substrate soil water content. Significant improvements in the prediction of the retention coefficient were obtained by a preliminary identification of groups of rainfall–runoff events, based on substrate soil water content thresholds. Within each group, a primary role is played by rainfall. At the experimental site, building practices, particularly those concerning the drainage layer properties, appeared to affect the retention properties only for specific event types.

Ultrafiltration concentration of whey in a pilot plant

Experimental data on the retention coefficient and the output specific flow are obtained. The test solutions were goat and cow's milk whey after obtaining cheese. The description, general view and technological scheme of a pilot installation of a tubular type are given. The studies were carried out on semipermeable tubular type ultrafiltration membranes manufactured by AO "ZAVKOM". Based on the studies, graphical dependences of the retention coefficient on the specific output stream were constructed and analyzed. During the analysis, it was noted that with an increase in the output specific flow of the solvent, the retention coefficient decreases. The reason for this is the boundary layers of fat and protein formed in the near-membrane layers, which prevents the passage of protein molecules through the pores of the membrane. Also during the experiment, it was noted that goat milk serum has a more oily structure and requires prior separation. For the theoretical calculation of the retention coefficient and specific output stream, mathematical expressions are developed and numerical values of the values of empirical coefficients are obtained. The developed mathematical expressions describe the experimental data with good confidence. The obtained experimental and calculated data can be used with great reliability in the calculations of mass-transported flows of substances through semipermeable membranes, as well as in engineering methods for calculating and predicting the effectiveness of the use of membrane processes for the concentration of whey.