Lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pregnancies: a literature review

Lung ultrasound has been recognized as a valid imaging method for diagnosing and monitoring COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women. The present review aimed to summarize the main findings reported in the literature and international guidelines on the role of lung ultrasound in the care of pregnant women affected by COVID-19. A search strategy was developed and applied to PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE to identify previous papers reporting the utility of ultrasound in diagnosing and monitoring COVID-19 pneumonia. The search retrieved 369 articles and 23 of these were selected for analysis. The articles mainly focused on the definition of the procedure, development of training programs for obstetricians managing pregnant women with suspicion of COVID-19 and definition of scoring systems. The clinical applications of lung ultrasound in this setting have also been described. This review could encourage obstetricians to learn lung ultrasound to use during critical events like a pandemic.

Object-Process Methodology as an Alternative to Human Factors Task Analysis

Objective We define and demonstrate the use of OPM-TA—a model-based task analysis (TA) framework that uses object-process methodology (OPM) ISO 19450 as a viable alternative to traditional TA techniques. Background A variety of different TA methods exist in human factors engineering, and several of them are often applied successively for a broad task representation, making it difficult to follow. Method Using OPM-TA, we modeled how an International Space Station (ISS) astronaut would support extravehicular activities using the existing robotic arm workstation with a new control panel and an electronic procedure system. The modeling employed traditional TA methods and the new OPM-TA approach, enabling a comparison between them. Results While the initial stages of modeling with OPM-TA follow those of traditional TA, OPM-TA modeling yields an executable and logically verifiable model of the entire human–robot system. Both OPM’s hierarchical set of diagrams and the equivalent, automatically generated statements in a subset of natural language text specify how objects and processes relate to each other at increasingly detailed levels. The graphic and textual OPM modalities specify the system’s architecture, which enables its function and benefits its users. To verify the model logical correctness model, we executed it using OPM’s simulation capability. Conclusion OPM-TA was able to unify traditional TA methods and expand their capabilities. The formal yet intuitive OPM-TA approach fuses and extends traditional TA methods, which are not amenable to simulation. It therefore can potentially become a widely used means for TA and human–machine procedure development and testing.

“If You Don’t See the Dog, What Can You Do?” Using Procedures to Negotiate the Risk of Dog Bites in Occupational Contexts

Dog bites are a health risk in a number of workplaces such as the delivery, veterinary and dog rescue sectors. This study aimed to explore how workers negotiate the risk of dog bites in daily interactions with dogs and the role of procedures in workplace safety. Participants who encounter dogs at work were recruited using snowball sampling. Ethnographic methods (interviews, focus group discussions, participant-observations) were used for data collection. All data were coded qualitatively into themes. Six themes describing dog bite risk management were identified: ‘Surveillance of dogs’; ‘Communicating risk; ‘Actions taken to manage perceived risk’; ‘Reporting bites and near-misses’, ‘Investigating bites and near-misses’, and; ‘Learning and teaching safety’. While the procedures described dog bite risk as objective, when interacting with dogs, participants drew on experiential knowledge and subjective judgment of risk. There was a discrepancy between risks that the procedures aimed to guard against and the risk participants were experiencing in the course of work. This often led to disregarding procedures. Paradoxically, procedures generated risks to individual wellbeing and sometimes employment, by contributing to blaming employees for bites. Dog bite prevention could be improved by clarifying definitions of bites, involving at risk staff in procedure development, and avoiding blaming the victim for the incident.

The Main Civil Procedure Development Areas and Tendencies

The article reveals the main directions and trends in the development of the civil process, in particular, the tendency to bring together not only civil and arbitration processes, but also civil and administrative processes. Demonstrates the desire of the legislator to unify civil, arbitration and administrative proceedings. The realized ideas of unification of the civil process are analyzed, such as replacing the institution of jurisdiction with the institution of jurisdiction, reforming simplified procedures for considering cases, introducing the institution of conciliation procedures, changing the procedure for calculating procedural terms, changing the procedure for considering challenging a judge, and other issues that accompany reforming the civil process.

Development of Reading Materials with Coastal Culture Tapanuli Central for School Literation Movement in Basic School Pandan District

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) The results of the design of reading materials with coastal culture for literacy sources, (2) The results of expert validation on the design of reading materials containing coastal culture for literacy sources, and ( 3) The results of testing of reading materials with coastal culture. for literacy sources in Class V Elementary School, Pandan, Tapanuli Tengah. This type of research is the type of research development or Research & Development. The development model in this study will be made with a few modifications adapted to the Borg and Gall development procedure. Development research is generally divided into 3 (three) stages, namely the problem identification stage, the design stage, and the dissemination stage. The researcher attempted to adapt the development model to Borg and Gall's development procedures. As subjects in this study are all State and Private Elementary Schools in Pandan, Tapanuli Tengah. As the object of this research, developing reading materials based on the culture of the coastal communities of North Tapanuli Tengah Regency in supporting the School Literacy Movement. The results showed: (1) reading material with Tapanuli Tengah coastal culture is valid for use in the implementation of the school literacy movement in SD Pandan District.