Identifikasi dan Pencegahan Daerah Rawan Bencana Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Gambut Di Kalimantan Barat

Kalimantan Barat memiliki potensi bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut yang tinggi karena banyaknya titik api dan jenis lahan gambut yang mudah terbakar pada musim kemarau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan dan menentukan kecenderungan titik pamas dan mengidentifikasi dan mencegah kawasan rawan kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut dengan data hotspot, peta curah hujan, peta tutupan lahan, peta kesatuan hidrologis gambut, dan peta cekungan air tanah menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis atau SIG. Metode overlap digunakan untuk menganalisis kecenderungan titik panas sedangkan Overlay dan Scoring digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kawasan rawan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Setelah dilakukan analisis titik panas, terdapat kecenderungan curah hujan pada kelas curah hujan 1.500-3.000 mm/tahun dengan 2.192 kejadian. Perubahan tutupan lahan di kawasan hutan mengalami penurunan sebesar 7,96%. Peningkatan tutupan lahan di kawasan non-hutan sebesar 11,26%, mempengaruhi potensi dan kecenderungan titik api dan bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Kubu Raya memiliki tingkat kerawanan bencana kebakaran pada kelas sangat rawan dengan luasan 0,26%, dan Kapuas Hulu memiliki tingkat kerawanan bencana kebakaran pada kelas tidak rawan dengan luas 0,19%. Kabupaten Ketapang merupakan daerah dengan tingkat pencegahan tertinggi, dengan luas cekungan airtanah sebesar 26,46%.ABSTRACTWest Kalimantan has a high potential for forest and peatland fire disasters due to the high number of hotspots and the type of peatland which burns easily during the dry season. The purpose of this research is to map and determine the trend of hotspots and areas prone to forest and peatland fires and prevent them with hotspot data, rainfall maps, land cover maps, maps of peat hydrological units, and maps of groundwater basins using Geographic Information Systems or GIS. The overlap method is used to analyze the trend of hotspots; meanwhile, Overlay and Scoring are used to identify areas prone to forest and land fires in this research. After analyzing the hotspots, there is a tendency for rainfall with a class of 1,500-3,000mm/year with 2,192 events. Land cover change in forested areas decreased by 7.96%. It increased land cover in non-forest areas by 11.26%, affecting the potential and tendency of hotspots and forest and land fire disasters. Kubu Raya has a fire disaster vulnerability level in the very vulnerable class with an area of 0.26%, and Kapuas Hulu has a fire disaster vulnerability level in the non-prone class with an area of 0.19%. Ketapang Regency is the area with the highest prevention rate, with a groundwater basin area of 26.46%.

Alimentary tract obstruction attributed to use of barbed suture for double tract reconstruction after robot-assisted proximal gastrectomy: a case report

Background Anastomotic stenosis following esophagojejunostomy reconstruction by the overlap method with absorbable barbed sutures occurs only rarely in patients who have undergone laparoscopic surgery. We report anastomotic stenosis by the overlap method that we attributed to the lack of tactile sensation during robot-assisted surgery. Case presentation An 83-year-old man underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and lymph node dissection at our hospital for treatment of gastric cancer. Double tract reconstruction followed with side-to-side esophagojejunostomy (overlap method) performed with an endoscopic linear stapler. On completion of the anastomosis, the enterotomy was closed under robotic assistance with absorbable barbed suture. Once solid foods were introduced, the patient had difficulty swallowing and felt as though his digestive tract was stopped up. When upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed, we found the anastomotic lumen to be coated with food residue. After rinsing off the residue with water, we could see barbed suture protruding into the anastomotic lumen that had become entangled upon itself, which explained how the food residue had accumulated. We cut the entangled suture under endoscopic visualization using a loop cutter. Conclusion This case highlights a stricture caused by insufficiently tensioning barbed suture, which subsequently protruded into the anastomotic lumen and became entangled upon itself. We believe this occurrence was associated with the lack of tactile sensation in robot-assisted surgery.

Comparison of Linear Response Theory, Projected Initial Maximum Overlap Method, and Molecular Dynamics Based Vibronic Spectra: The Case of Methylene Blue

Simulation of optical spectra is essential to molecular characterization and, in many cases, critical for interpreting experimental spectra. The most common method for simulating vibronic absorption spectra relies on the geometry optimization and computation of normal modes for ground and excited states. In this report, we show that utilization of such a procedure within an adiabatic linear response theory framework may lead to state mixings and a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, resulting in a poor description of absorption spectra. In contrast, computing excited states via a self-consistent eld method in conjunction with a maximum overlap model produces states that are not subject to such mixings. We show that this latter method produces vibronic spectra much more aligned with vertical excitation procedures, such as those computed from a vertical gradient or molecular dynamics trajectory-based approach. For the methylene blue chromophore, we compare vibronic absorption spectra computed with: an adiabatic Hessian approach with linear response theory optimized structures and normal modes, a vertical gradient procedure, the Hessian and normal modes of maximum overlap method optimized structures, and excitation energy time correlation functions generated from a molecular dynamics trajectory. Due to mixing between the bright S1 and dark S2 surfaces near the S1 minimum, computing the adiabatic Hessian with linear response theory time-dependent density functional theory with the B3LYP density functional predicts a large vibronic shoulder for the absorption spectrum that is not present for any of the other methods. Spectral densities are analyzed and we compare the behavior of the key normal mode that in linear response theory strongly couples to the optical excitation while showing S1/ S2 state mixings. Overall, our study provides a note of caution in computing vibronic spectra using the excited state adiabatic Hessian of linear response theory optimized structures and also showcases three alternatives that are not as subject to adiabatic state mixing effects.

Study on the Effect of Gaze Position and Image Brightness on Peripheral Dimming Technique

Here, we study a low-power technique for displays based on gaze tracking, called peripheral dimming. In this work, the threshold levels of the lightness reduction ratio (LRR), where people notice differences in brightness, depending on gaze positions and image brightness, are investigated. A psychophysical experiment with five gaze positions and three image brightness conditions is performed, and the estimated threshold levels are obtained. To investigate the significance of the differences between the threshold levels, the overlap method and the Bayesian estimation (BEST) analysis are performed. The analysis results show that the difference of the threshold levels depending on the conditions is insignificant. Thus, the proposed technique can operate with a constant LRR level, regardless of the gaze position or image brightness, while maintaining the perceptual image quality. In addition, the proposed technique reduces the power consumption of virtual reality (VR) displays by 12–14% on average. We believe that the peripheral dimming technique would contribute to reducing the power of the self-luminous displays used for VR headsets with an integrated eye tracker.