An Analysis of Intertextuality in William Blake’s Companion Poems: The Lamb and The Tyger

This study undertakes a thorough analysis of the aspects of intertextuality and their undertones in William Blake’s companion poems:The Lamb (1789) from the Songs of Innocence and The Tyger (1794) from the Songs of Experience. These poems are often read side by side since they are described as counterparts to one another reflecting Blake’s dualistic ideology on the conflicting states of the human soul (good vs. evil). The researchers adopted Charles Bazerman’s(2004) theory in analyzing intertextuality within texts. The analysis of the poems revealed that there are 22 instances of religious and literary intertextual allusions within both poems and their type of textual integration was mainly description. In addition, a great percentage of those allusions consist of religious undertones which help reflect the dualistic approach that Blake adopted in his volumes of poetry. Keywords: dualistic; intertextuality; poetry; religious

Taxonomic and Biogeographical Analysis of Bryophytes in the Coastal Area of the Ukrina River (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Bryophytes are a blind branch in the evolution of plants, but they are a very significant group, which makes a remarkable component of the whole biodiversity owing to the number of described species and its wide coverage. This work shows a taxonomic and biogeographical analysis of Bryophytes in the coastal area of the Ukrina River (Bosnia and Herzegovina). There have been 43 species sampled and determined in the researched localities. The Hepaticopsida class is represented by only one species, Radula complanata, the Bryopsida class dominates almost completely. Among Bryopsida, the representatives of the Hypnales order occur in a great percentage (40.48%). Further, 27 genera have been identified in the bryoflora of the researched area. The species of the Bryum genus (5) take the greatest proportion. In the bryoflora of the researched area the most prevailing is temperate, i.e. a floral element of moderate zones, with 88.37%, then a submediterranean floral element follows with 6.98% and boreal (4.65%). At the researched locality, the most represented are chamephyta with 74.29%, whereas life forms of hemicriptophyta and epiphyte cover significantly lower percentage of Bryophyte flora. Apart from the ecology, the research on Bryophyte is also notable for the areas of pharmacy and medicine because many of their species are capable to synthesize antibiotic substances.

La influencia de los spots políticos televisivos en la decisión electoral de las mujeres jóvenes universitarias nuevas votantes: México, elecciones federales / The Influence of Political Television Spots in the Electoral Decision of Young College Women New Voters: Mexico, Federal Elections

ABSTRACTTelevised political spots have overwhelmed the limits of commercial advertising. A great percentage of the electorate is composed by young people, that´s why candidates and their communication and marketing strategies focus their forces to reach this sector. The proposal of this research is based on the incorporation of the gender perspective to the analysis of the political spots' reception process and the influence they have in university young women' electoral decision.RESUMENLos spots políticos televisivos han sobresaturado las barras de publicidad comercial. Un gran porcentaje del electorado está compuesto por jóvenes, por lo cual los candidatos y sus estrategas de comunicación y marketing centran sus fuerzas en llegar a este sector. La propuesta de esta investigación radica en incorporar la categoría de género al análisis del proceso de recepción de los spots políticos y la influencia que éstos ejercen en la decisión electoral de las jóvenes universitarias.

Leaching and Persistence of Oxidiazon in Several Organic-based Substrates

The objective of this study was to determine the persistence and leaching of the herbicide oxadiazon in five substrates. The substrate mixtures consisted of the following: peatmoss, compost, and sand in the following proportions: 1:1:0, 3:3:2, 1:1:2, 1:1:6, and 0:0:1 in 5-liter containers. Rates of oxadiazon used were 4 and 8 kg a.i./ha on two separate split-split plots. Each experimental design had three factors: five substrates, four harvest times (24 h; 1, 2, and 3 months) and five soil depths (0–2, 2–4, 4–6, 6–8, 8– cm). Only herbicide persistence and leaching from the various substrates were investigated in this experiment; therefore, we did not remove plant material. Substrate oxadiazon residues were determined by gas chromatography analysis, and it was shown that leaching was more evident in media with a lower percentage of organic matter. In addition, oxadiazon did not leach below 4 cm in conventional substrate (1 peatmoss: 1 compost: 1 sand, respectively). The persistence of oxadiazon was affected by soil composition and herbicide persisted more in substrates with great percentage of organic matter.

The role of microsurgery and means of magnification

An objective of hypospadias repair is to provide a penis that is normal in function and appearance. The adoption of microsurgical techniques enables this objective to be reached in a great percentage of cases also in younger patients. Nevertheless in this case, microsurgery should be considered as a philosophical behaviour rather than a surgical technique conventionally based on the utilization of the microscope, jeweller's forceps and microscissors. What is important is the concept of microsurgery; i.e. the adoption of atraumatic techniques and great respect for the tissues. Strict and constant application of these rules greatly improves final results and increases the percentage of success of reconstructive surgery of the urethra.

PATHOGENESIS, INCIDENCE, AND POSSIBILITIES OF PREVENTING ALIMENTARY NITRATE METHEMOGLOBINEMIA IN INFANTS

It was shown in clinical experiments that alimentary methemoglobinemia in artificially fed infants is provoked by nitrites originating from nitrates contained in water used for diluting dried-milk preparations. The reduction of nitrates is induced by the influence of sporulating germs of B. subtilis contained as spores in the dried milk. In areas where water contains high concentrations of nitrates a great percentage of artificially fed infants are affected, even if the methemoglobinemia does not manifest itself clinically. Dried buttermilk contains microbes of lactic fermentation S. lactis, producing the antibiotic nisin. This prevents the growth of the sporulating microbes of B. subtilis. Consequently, prevention of this disease, caused by intoxication with nitrites, is possible, by the use of dried buttermilk for the artificial feeding of infants up to 3 months of age.

Moisture as the Factor affecting Wing Development in the Citrus Aphis, Toxoptera aurantii, Boy

1. Temperature does not affect wing development in Aphids.2. A great percentage of Aphids developed wings when they were crowded, or when they were forced to feed on stale or wilted food. This was due to the small amount of food and particularly of water which each individual Aphid obtained.3. A reduced percentage of water in the food of Aphids, as well as a low atmospheric humidity, are primary factors causing wing development.4. All the factors such as light, temperature, crowding, humidity, precipitation, growth of plant, etc., exert, directly or indirectly, an influence on the water balance in the body of the Aphid, which in turn causes wing development.