Differential spatial computations in ventral and lateral face-selective regions are scaffolded by structural connections

Face-processing occurs across ventral and lateral visual streams, which are involved in static and dynamic face perception, respectively. However, the nature of spatial computations across streams is unknown. Using functional MRI and population receptive field (pRF) mapping, we measured pRFs in face-selective regions. Results reveal that spatial computations by pRFs in ventral face-selective regions are concentrated around the center of gaze (fovea), but spatial computations in lateral face-selective regions extend peripherally. Diffusion MRI reveals that these differences are mirrored by a preponderance of white matter connections between ventral face-selective regions and foveal early visual cortex (EVC), while connections with lateral regions are distributed more uniformly across EVC eccentricities. These findings suggest a rethinking of spatial computations in face-selective regions, showing that they vary across ventral and lateral streams, and further propose that spatial computations in high-level regions are scaffolded by the fine-grain pattern of white matter connections from EVC.

Recognition for lateral faces using Neural Networks

Face recognition is most difficult and complicated technique. Recognition of lateral faces is very difficult compare with normal face recognition. Pattern recognition is mostly used in this system to recognise the lateral face patterns (LFP). Neural network is used to find the patterns and lateral face recognition can be done by this technique. After the many researches face recognition becomes difficulty for the various techniques based on their parameters. In this paper, the amalgamative lateral face recognition(ALFR) which is merged with machine learning and neural network features can be done by using synthetic dataset consists of 200 lateral faces. Performance shows the improved results of proposed technique.

Percepção da atratividade mentual feminina por cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais, ortodontistas e leigos

Objectives- Evaluate the perception of the female chin attractiveness by maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists and lay people through simulations of mentoplasty performed with the aid of a software. Profile photography along with lateral face teleradiography were manipulated using Dolphin Imaging Software version 11.8, and different clinical situations were designed. Methods: The alterations were performed with anteroposterior movements, with images of mentoplasty of advancement (+2, +3 and +4), and recoil (-2, -3, -4). The reference of the movement was given in relation to the True Vertical Line (TVL). Ninety people were interviewed. 30 orthodontists, 30 maxillofacial surgeons and 30 lay people. They observed the photos and classified the profile according to extremely pleasant, pleasant, unpleasant and extremely pleasant. To evaluate the presence of significant difference between the groups in relation to the profile analysis, the Fisher Exact test was used. Results: Most lay people, surgeons and orthodontists (46%) considered the chin at the limit of the TVL as an extremely attractive profile. 34.4% considered the chin 2 mm before the TVL as an attractive profile; chin 3 mm beyond the TVL as unattractive (45.5%), and the most unattractive ones were 4 mm beyond the TVL (75.6%). Conclusion: So the great majority of the people interviewed showed a preference for the positioning of the chin in the TVL or slightly Class II profile in female patients, which can guide professionals in a better planning.

Analysis of the characteristics of periodontal curettes used for scaling the roof of the furcation by manual versus digital method

Introduction The treatment of periodontal disease in multiradicular teeth with furcation involvement is a challenge for dentists, with unpredictable results. Objective To evaluate the characteristics of the active tip of periodontal curettes used for scaling the furcation roof, comparing the manual versus digital method. Material and method Forty-two Pádua Lima (PL) curettes of the Millennium® brand (n = 6 for each model) were evaluated: PL 1-2, PL 3-4, PL 5-6, PLW 1-2, PLW 3-4, PLW 5 -6, and PLF. The following were measured: total length of the coronary face (CTc, millimeters, mm), total length of the lateral face (CTl, mm), width of the coronary face (Lc, mm), and width of the lateral face (Ll, mm). The measurements were performed in duplicate. Result The results showed that weight varied among the curettes (p <0.05), however the handle diameter was similar for all instruments (p> 0.05). Considering that seven different types of curettes were evaluated, the parameters of CTl and Ll showed a statistical difference for all evaluated curettes (7: 7 ratio), with higher values for the caliper method compared to the software (p <0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between assessment methods for CTc and Lc measurements (p <0.05), showing that there was a coincidence of values in the proportion of 4:7 for measurements of CTc and 5:7 for Lc. Conclusion The comparison between methods generally resulted in lower values and greater variation for the digital method, thus favoring the use of the manual method to measure the active tip of periodontal curettes.

Author Correction: Gaze behaviour to lateral face stimuli in infants who do and do not receive an ASD diagnosis

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Differential spatial computations in ventral and lateral face-selective regions are scaffolded by structural connections

Face-processing occurs across ventral and lateral visual streams, which are involved in static and dynamic face perception, respectively. However, the nature of spatial computations across streams is unknown. Using functional MRI and novel population receptive field (pRF) mapping, we measured pRFs in face-selective regions. Results reveal that spatial computations by pRFs in ventral face-selective regions are concentrated around the center of gaze (fovea), but spatial computations in lateral face-selective regions extend peripherally. Diffusion MRI reveals that these differences are mirrored by a preponderance of white matter connections between ventral face-selective regions and foveal early visual cortex (EVC), while connections with lateral regions are distributed more uniformly across EVC eccentricities. These findings suggest a rethinking of spatial computations in face-selective regions, showing that they vary across ventral and lateral streams, and further propose that spatial computations in high-level regions are scaffolded by the fine-grain pattern of white matter connections from EVC.

Xenoposeidon is the earliest known rebbachisaurid sauropod dinosaur

Xenoposeidon proneneukos is a sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Hastings Group of England. It is represented by a single partial dorsal vertebra, NHMUK PV R2095, which consists of the centrum and the base of a tall neural arch. Despite its fragmentary nature, it is recognisably distinct from all other sauropods, and is here diagnosed with five unique characters. One character previously considered unique is here recognised as shared with the rebbachisaurid diplodocoid Rebbachisaurus garasbae from the mid-Cretaceous of Morocco: an ‘M’-shaped arrangement of laminae on the lateral face of the neural arch. Following the more completely preserved R. garasbae, these laminae are now interpreted as ACPL and lateral CPRL, which intersect anteriorly; and PCDL and CPOL, which intersect posteriorly. Similar arrangements are also seen in some other rebbachisaurid specimens (though not all, possibly due to serial variation), but never in non-rebbachisaurid sauropods. Xenoposeidon is therefore referred to Rebbachisauridae. Due to its inferred elevated parapophysis, the holotype vertebra is considered a mid-posterior dorsal despite its elongate centrum. Since Xenoposeidon is from the Berriasian–Valanginian (earliest Cretaceous) Ashdown Formation of the Wealden Supergroup of southern England, it is the earliest known rebbachisaurid by some 10 million years. Electronic 3D models were invaluable in determining Xenoposeidon’s true affinities: descriptions of complex bones such as sauropod vertebrae should always provide them where possible.