Do organic substances act as a degradable binding matrix in calcium oxalate kidney stones?

Background Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are considered to be highly resistant to chemolysis. While significant organic matter has been identified within these stones, which is presumed to bind (inorganic) CaOx particles and aggregates, most chemolysis efforts have focused on methods to attack the CaOx components of a stone. We examine the feasibility of inducing chemolysis of CaOx kidney stones, within hours, by specifically attacking the organic matrix present in these stones. Methods In contrast to previous studies, we focused on the possible “brick and mortar” stone configuration. We systematically tested, via in vitro experiments, the ability of an extensive range of 26 potential chemolysis agents to induce relatively fast disintegration (and/or dissolution) of a large set of natural CaOx stone fragments, extracted during endourological procedures, without regard to immediate clinical application. Each stone fragment was monitored for reduction in weight and other changes over 72 h. Results We find that agents known to attack organic material have little, if any, effect on stone chemolysis. Similarly, protein and enzymatic agents, and oral additive medical treatments, have little immediate effect. Conclusions These findings suggest that the organic and inorganic constituents present in CaOx stones are not structured as “brick and mortar” configurations in terms of inorganic and organic components.

A review on biological activities of Schiff base ligand and their metal complexes

Schiff bases and their metal complexes are wide range of biological applications and are synthesized from the condensation reaction of amino compounds with carbonyl compounds. Schiff base and their metal complexes have a wide variety of applications in food and dye industry, agrochemical, polymer, catalysis, analytical chemistry, antifertility, antiinflammatory activity, antiradical activity, and biological system as enzymatic agents. Several have reviewed them of their antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities. This review summarized the most promising biological activities of Schiff bases and their metal complexes

Pharmacotherapy of Vitreomacular Traction

Vitreomacular traction occurs due to incomplete or anomalous posterior vitreous detachment. Over time, the vitreous pulls anteriorly and causes retinal distortion and eventually reduced vision. Traditionally, vitreomacular traction was treated with vitrectomy surgery. In the past few years, there is a paradigm shift towards pharmacologic vitreolysis, which involves the intravitreal injection of enzymatic and non-enzymatic agents that facilitate posterior vitreous detachment. Many agents have been investigated and trialled including plasmin, microplasmin (Ocriplasmin), hyaluronidase, nattokinase, chondroitinase and dispase. This review will focus on the progress and current status in this research.

RESEARCH OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS PROCESSES OF WHEAT'S STRAW BY LIQUID CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMATIC AGENTS

Objective of this research was to investigate process of enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat's straw by liquid cellulolytic enzymatic preparations. At the first stage wheat straw has been subjected to autohydrolysis then the fibrous weight was washed out by water with reception of sugar solution. The following stage included extraction of disrupt lignin and modelling experiments for studying enzymatic kinetics was the last stage. As a result of the carried out researches it has been established, that that the maximum exit of reacting substances is observed 4,8 %, the minimum exit is 2,2 %. The general maintenance of carbohydrates in wheaten straw has made 83,3 % from weight of wheaten straw. Among monosaccharides in straw are prevailed xylose and glucose. Measurement of рН of the investigated wheaten straw in water at the hydromodule 1 : 5,8 has shown, that рН makes 7,2840±11. рН of straw presoaked in 0,59 % of weights to sulphurous acid has made 2,24±0,11. рН of the straw presoaked in 1,18 % of weights to sulphurous acid has made 1,48±0,10.