Sputum microbiota in normal human, new TB patients, and recurrent tuberculosis patients as identified by 16SrRNA sequencing

Background: Recent developments lead to a new understanding that diseases are interconnected with each other and may be affected by microbiome community imbalance, known as dysbiosis. Our research is aimed to examine lung microbiome in recurrent and new TB patients compared to healthy individuals.Methods: Our research uses the cross-sectional method with a metagenomic approach for genomic analysis by directly isolating genome DNA from sputum of new TB, recurrent TB patients and healthy individuals. DNA sequencing results were analysed with the MEGA 7.026 software with the BLASTn algorithm in NCBI.Results: 16 sputum samples have been successfully sequenced. We found Haemophilus in the sputum of new and recurrent TB patients (50% and 22.2% respectively), which absent in the sputum of healthy controls. Specifically, we identified only Haemophilus influenza and Neisseria flavescens in new TB patients but we found Haemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumonia in the sputum of recurrent TB patients.Conclusion: Haemophilus was found in new and recurrent TB patients. Haemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumonia may contributed in TB recurrence.

Functional diversity of three different DsbA proteins from Neisseria meningitidis

The genome of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain MC58 contains three genes – nmb0278, nmb0294 and nmb0407 – encoding putative homologues of DsbA, a periplasmic thiol disulphide oxidoreductase protein-folding catalyst of the Dsb protein family. DsbA assists the folding of periplasmic and membrane proteins in diverse organisms. While all three cloned genes complemented the DTT sensitivity of dsbA-null Escherichia coli, they showed different activities in folding specific target proteins in this background. NMB0278 protein was the most active in complementing defects in motility and alkaline phosphatase activity, while NMB0294 was the most active in folding periplasmic MalF. NMB0407 showed the weakest activity in all assays. It is extremely unusual for organisms to contain more than one chromosomal dsbA. Among the members of the genus Neisseria, only the meningococcus carries all three of these genes. Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria cinerea and Neisseria polysaccharea contained only homologues of nmb0278 and nmb0407, while Neisseria flava, Neisseria subflava and Neisseria flavescens carried only nmb0294. It is speculated that the versatility of the meningococcus in surviving in different colonizing and invasive disease settings may be derived in part from an enhanced potential to deploy outer-membrane proteins, a consequence of carrying an extended repertoire of protein-folding catalysts.