scholarly journals Sputum microbiota in normal human, new TB patients, and recurrent tuberculosis patients as identified by 16SrRNA sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudyawati Kamaruddin ◽  
Muhammad Nasrum Massi
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenza ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Neisseria Flavescens ◽  
Metagenomic Approach

Background: Recent developments lead to a new understanding that diseases are interconnected with each other and may be affected by microbiome community imbalance, known as dysbiosis. Our research is aimed to examine lung microbiome in recurrent and new TB patients compared to healthy individuals.Methods: Our research uses the cross-sectional method with a metagenomic approach for genomic analysis by directly isolating genome DNA from sputum of new TB, recurrent TB patients and healthy individuals. DNA sequencing results were analysed with the MEGA 7.026 software with the BLASTn algorithm in NCBI.Results: 16 sputum samples have been successfully sequenced. We found Haemophilus in the sputum of new and recurrent TB patients (50% and 22.2% respectively), which absent in the sputum of healthy controls. Specifically, we identified only Haemophilus influenza and Neisseria flavescens in new TB patients but we found Haemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumonia in the sputum of recurrent TB patients.Conclusion: Haemophilus was found in new and recurrent TB patients. Haemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumonia may contributed in TB recurrence.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of group B Streptococcus from milk demonstrates the need for improved biosecurity: a cross-sectional study of pastoralist camels in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Seligsohn ◽  
Chiara Crestani ◽  
Taya L. Forde ◽  
Erika Chenais ◽  
Ruth N. Zadoks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, (GBS)) is the leading cause of mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland) among dairy camels in Sub-Saharan Africa, with negative implications for milk production and quality and animal welfare. Camel milk is often consumed raw and presence of GBS in milk may pose a public health threat. Little is known about the population structure or virulence factors of camel GBS. We investigated the molecular epidemiology of camel GBS and its implications for mastitis control and public health. Results Using whole genome sequencing, we analysed 65 camel milk GBS isolates from 19 herds in Isiolo, Kenya. Six sequence types (STs) were identified, mostly belonging to previously described camel-specific STs. One isolate belonged to ST1, a predominantly human-associated lineage, possibly as a result of interspecies transmission. Most (54/65) isolates belonged to ST616, indicative of contagious transmission. Phylogenetic analysis of GBS core genomes showed similar levels of heterogeneity within- and between herds, suggesting ongoing between-herd transmission. The lactose operon, a marker of GBS adaptation to the mammary niche, was found in 75 % of the isolates, and tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) in all but two isolates. Only the ST1 isolate harboured virulence genes scpB and lmb, which are associated with human host adaptation. Conclusions GBS in milk from Kenyan camel herds largely belongs to ST616 and shows signatures of adaptation to the udder. The finding of similar levels of within- and between herd heterogeneity of GBS in camel herds, as well as potential human-camel transmission highlights the need for improved internal as well as external biosecurity to curb disease transmission and increase milk production.

scholarly journals Nonadherence to tuberculosis treatment and associated factors among patients using directly observed treatment short-course in north-west Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212198949
Author(s):  
Cylia Nkechi Iweama ◽  
Olaoluwa Samson Agbaje ◽  
Prince Christian Ifeanachor Umoke ◽  
Chima Charles Igbokwe ◽  
Eyuche Lawretta Ozoemena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medication Nonadherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
North West ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a public health problem in Nigeria. One of the most effective ways of controlling tuberculosis is the directly observed treatment short-course. However, some factors influence tuberculosis patients’ treatment nonadherence via directly observed treatment short-course. The study objective was to assess medication nonadherence and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in north-west Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled tuberculosis patients using directly observed treatment short-course in public health facilities in Kano and Kaduna States from January 2015 to June 2016. The sample selection was conducted via a multistage sampling procedure. Data were collected using tuberculosis patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics forms, well-validated structured instruments, and medical records. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Logistic and multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine factors of medication nonadherence ( P < 0.05) Results: Complete responses from 390 patients out of the 460 patients recruited for the study were used for data analyses. The mean age was 51.5 (standard deviation = ±13.8) years. The mean tuberculosis medication adherence questionnaire score was 4.35 ± 1.12. The prevalence of nonadherence to tuberculosis medication was 30.5%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that having a monthly income between #100,000 and #199, 000 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.01; 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.13), being widowed (adjusted odds ratio = 26.74, 95% confidence interval: 2.92–232.9), being married (adjusted odds ratio = 120.49, 95% confidence interval: 5.38–271.1), having a distance <5 km to directly observed treatment short-course center from home (adjusted odds ratio = 0.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.01), having a tuberculosis/HIV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio = 0.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.35), use of antiretroviral treatment and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy medications (adjusted odds ratio = 24.9, 95% confidence interval: 19.6–304.3) were associated with tuberculosis medication nonadherence. Conclusion: Tuberculosis medication nonadherence was high among the patients. Thus, patient-specific adherence education, attenuation of potential factors for tuberculosis medication nonadherence, and continual resource support for tuberculosis patients are needed to improve treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Sex, Smoking, and Socioeconomic Status Are Associated with Body Composition among Tuberculosis Patients in a Deuterium Dilution Cross-Sectional Study in Mwanza, Tanzania

2013 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
George PrayGod ◽  
Nyagosya Range ◽  
Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen ◽  
Kidola Jeremiah ◽  
Maria Faurholt-Jepsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Deuterium Dilution

scholarly journals The lung microbiome in children with HIV-bronchiectasis: a cross-sectional pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Refiloe Masekela ◽  
Solize Vosloo ◽  
Stephanus N. Venter ◽  
Wilhelm Z. de Beer ◽  
Robin J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Microbiome

scholarly journals Household air pollution and the lung microbiome of healthy adults in Malawi: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Rylance ◽  
Anstead Kankwatira ◽  
David E. Nelson ◽  
Evelyn Toh ◽  
Richard B. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Microbiome

scholarly journals Factors associated with delay in seeking care by tuberculosis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dândara Nayara Azevêdo Dantas ◽  
Bertha Cruz Enders ◽  
Déborah Raquel Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Caroline Evelin Nascimento Kluczynic Vieira ◽  
Ana Angélica Rêgo de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
A Value ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Behavioral Variables

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify social, clinical and behavioral factors of tuberculosis patients that are associated with delay in the search for primary health care. Method: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted with 56 people on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The data were collected through a structured instrument. The Chi-square and Fisher tests were applied to test the association between independent and dependent variables (search time). A value of p <0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: No social or clinical variables were statistically associated with patient delays in the search for primary health care. Among the behavioral variables, self-medication and the first health service sought had a statistically significant association with the time for seeking care (p = 0.020, and p = 0.033, respectively). Conclusion: Self-medication contributes to the delay in the search for primary health care by tuberculosis patients.

scholarly journals Stigma Related to Tuberculosis Among Patients Attending DOTS Clinics of Dharan Municipality

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Aryal ◽  
A Badhu ◽  
S Pandey ◽  
A Bhandari ◽  
P Khatiwoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Past History ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients

Background The patients suffering from tuberculosis are receiving shame and unfair treatment from the people living around them within their own society attending DOTS clinic of Dharan municipality. Objective To assess the stigma experienced by tuberculosis patients and to find out the association between stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patient and the selected variables (socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profile and illness experience). Methods Descriptive Cross Sectional study was done among sixty tuberculosis patients. Stratified random sampling was used to select the main center and sub center of Tuberculosis treatment and population proportionate simple random sampling using lottery method was done. Data was collected using predesigned, pretested performa from Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue developed by World Health Organization. Results The study revealed that 63.3% of the subjects were stigmatized. There was association between stigma and variables such as occupation, monthly family income and past history of Tuberculosis. There was also association of stigma with treatment phase, category of the patient and past outcome of illness. Conclusion Due to lack of knowledge and awareness about Tuberculosis, many patients were stigmatized. Efforts should be made to educate the public about Tuberculosis to reduce stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patients and improve the compliance of the patient. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL  VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 48-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6914

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