Psychopathological Aspects of Somatization in the Works of the Department of Psychiatry of Irkutsk State Medical Institute in the First Half of the 20th Century – from the Origins of the Psychosomatic Medicine to the Present

The article discusses modern problems of dimensional diagnosis of somatoform disorders including the vagueness of the criteria and the lack of reliance on pathogenetic differences in the selection of separate classification categories. An ongoing discussion on the necessity of revision of the boundaries and of “redistribution” of some somatoform disorders into different categories in accordance with their psychopathological relationship is associated with these problems. As a promising change in the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V classification, the emphasis is shifted to psychological and behavioral characteristics, which is assessed as an actualization of the classical descriptive diagnostics methodology. As a confirmation of the significance of this, an analysis of the psychopathological study of Irkutsk psychiatrists of the first half of the 20th century, devoted to the delusion of obsession, is given. In 1935, the head of the Department of Psychiatry at the Irkutsk Medical Institute V.S. Deryabin and his student I.S. Sumbaev published a scientific work “Delirium of obsession and somatic sensations”. The authors substantiate the intimate relationship of traditionally understood sensual hysterical and ideatorial hypochondriacal mechanisms in the formation of an integral clinical picture of somatoform disorders. The use of descriptive diagnostics many decades before the introduction of ICD-10 proves the pathogenetic unity of hysterical (sensory) and hypochondriacal (ideatorial) formations within the psychosomatic register of disorders and the legitimacy of combining phenomenologically different states into a circle of somatoform disorders.

A review of multi-dimensional diagnosis of Alport syndrome in 22 children in Northeast China

Background Alport syndrome (AS) is progressive hereditary nephritis due to different gene mutations. Affected individuals usually develop hematuria during childhood with gradual deterioration of renal functions. We adopted multi-dimensional methods to diagnose Alport syndrome in order to decrease the misdiagnosis.Methods Twenty-two children were diagnosed and managed by the Department of Pediatric Nephrology of Jilin University First Hospital between January 2017 and January 2020 through multi-dimensional methods. Information collected included age of onset, age at diagnosis, clinical manifestations, family history (FH), renal pathology and their genotype. Results All patients presented with hematuria with various degrees of proteinuria in some patients. While three children suffered from hearing loss, none of the children in the cohort had any visual problem or renal failure. Besides five patients estimated as Stage 2, the remain seventeen cases were at Stage 0. Renal biopsy were obtained in eighteen patients and fourteen of them showed glomerular basement membranes (GBM)-specific abnormalities. Thirteen children had mutations of the collagen IV genes. Conclusion Combined with the importance of early diagnosis and economic factors, we adopted multi-dimensional methods to improve the diagnosis of Alport syndrome and estimate the risk of progression. We also reviewed the therapy progress.

Multi-dimensional predictions of psychotic symptoms via machine learning

The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia comprise a diverse range of heterogeneous symptoms. As a result, individuals each present a distinct set of symptoms despite having the same overall diagnosis. Whilst previous machine learning studies have primarily focused on dichotomous patient-control classification, we predict the severity of each individual symptom on a continuum. We applied machine learning regression within a multi-modal fusion framework to fMRI and behavioural data acquired during an auditory oddball task in 80 schizophrenia patients. Brain activity was highly predictive of some, but not all symptoms, namely hallucinations, avolition, anhedonia and attention. Critically, each of these symptoms was associated with specific functional alterations across different brain regions. We also found that modelling symptoms as an ensemble of subscales was more accurate, specific and informative than models which predict compound scores directly. In principle, this approach is transferrable to any psychiatric condition or multi-dimensional diagnosis.

A Review of Multi-dimensional Diagnosis of Alport Syndrome in 22 Children in Northeast China

Background Alport syndrome (AS) is progressive hereditary nephritis due to different gene mutations. Affected individuals usually develop hematuria during childhood with gradual deterioration of renal functions. We adopted multi-dimensional methods to diagnose Alport syndrome in order to decrease the misdiagnosis.Methods Twenty-two children were diagnosed and managed by the Department of Pediatric Nephrology of Jilin University First Hospital between January 2017 and January 2020 through multi-dimensional methods. Information collected included age of onset, age at diagnosis, clinical manifestations, family history (FH), renal pathology and their genotype. Results All patients presented with hematuria with various degrees of proteinuria in partial patients. While three children suffered from hearing loss, none of the children in the cohort had any visual problem or renal failure. Besides five patients estimated as Stage 2, the remain seventeen cases were at Stage 0. Renal biopsy were obtained in eighteen patients and fourteen of them showed glomerular basement membranes (GBM)-specific abnormalities. Thirteen children had mutations of the collagen IV genes.Conclusion Combined with the importance of early diagnosis and economic factors, we adopted multi-dimensional methods to diagnose Alport syndrome and estimate the risk of progression. We also reviewed the therapy progress.