Image Classification Between Two Animals

We are going to examine the fine-grained object categorization problem of identifying the breed of animal from a picture. To this end we introduce a replacement annotated dataset of pets covering 37 different breeds of cats and dogs. The visual problem is extremely challenging for the cat and dog, particularly cats, are very deformable and there are often exactly subtle differences between their breeds. We make variety of contributions: we first introduce a model to classify cat and dog breed automatically from a picture. The model adding the shape of the pet animals, captured by a deformable part model detecting the cat and dog face, and appearance, captured by a bag-of-words model that describes the pet fur. Fitting the model involves automatically segmenting the cat and dog within the image. Second, we compare two classification approaches: a hierarchical one, during which a pet animal is first assigned to the cat or dog family then to a breed, and a flat one, during which the breed is obtained directly.

Visual Magnocellular Deficits In Dyslexia : Are These Deficits Due To Co-morbidity With ADHD?

Some cases of dyslexia may be accounted for by a visual problem involving the magnocellular pathways. Research on dyslexia and problems in the magnocellular pathway has been controversial. Some studies indicate that individuals with dyslexia have problems in this pathway whereas other studies have not. It may be that only the individuals with both dyslexia and ADHD have problems in this pathway while individuals with dyslexia only are spared. In support of this, research has shown that individuals with schizophrenia have attention deficits (similar to those seen in individuals with ADHD) and problems in the magnocellular pathway. In the present study, controls, participants with dyslexia only, participants with both dyslexia and ADHD, and participants with ADHD only completed central and peripheral backward masking experiments. It was predicted that the two groups of participants with ADHD would have problems in the magnocellular pathway. Some evidence was found in support of this.

Visual Magnocellular Deficits In Dyslexia : Are These Deficits Due To Co-morbidity With ADHD?

Some cases of dyslexia may be accounted for by a visual problem involving the magnocellular pathways. Research on dyslexia and problems in the magnocellular pathway has been controversial. Some studies indicate that individuals with dyslexia have problems in this pathway whereas other studies have not. It may be that only the individuals with both dyslexia and ADHD have problems in this pathway while individuals with dyslexia only are spared. In support of this, research has shown that individuals with schizophrenia have attention deficits (similar to those seen in individuals with ADHD) and problems in the magnocellular pathway. In the present study, controls, participants with dyslexia only, participants with both dyslexia and ADHD, and participants with ADHD only completed central and peripheral backward masking experiments. It was predicted that the two groups of participants with ADHD would have problems in the magnocellular pathway. Some evidence was found in support of this.

Enhancing Visual Abilities in Solving Mathematics Problems

This research is an experiment of categorizing visual abilities by representations of a solving problem through class experiment. The research is to investigate, explore, and enhance geometry thinking in solving mathematics problems presented visually. The tasks are cognitive strategies that rely on the visual representations and the genesis of the abilities with the assumption that the performance requires the manipulation of the visual representations. The model of the research developed from the students’ imagination of a visual problem or situations for accomplishing the solution and called binocular rivalry. The data are of interconnection for promoting visual abilities or senses, as the flexibility of thinking and the likelihood of having representations available in prior knowledge. The data analyzed by categorizing according to the visual abilities and by Control Chart of Attributes. The results are: 80% of the visual abilities are nonconforming index; the variation of visual representations is high in nonconforming index, but the depth struggle by the subjects and 70% select the general geometric figures that recognized. The conclusions are comprehensive, and the visual representations are nonconforming index, and the visual senses enhance in all categories. Keywords: Visual representation; Visual ability; Categorize visual skills; Geometry thinking; Cognitive strategy.

Improvement in impaired ocular accommodation by parietal acupoint therapy to relieve neck stiffness: a case report

ObjectivesNeck stiffness could lead to impaired ocular accommodation. We report two cases that visual function was improved by relieving neck stiffness.Case presentation(Case 1) A 34-year-old female complained of neck stiffness and visual problems after computer work. She was treated by parietal acupoint therapy (PAPT), which is a new scalp micro-acupuncture system. The evaluation of accommodative micro-fluctuations (the Fk-map) showed that increased bilateral ciliary muscle tension in the middle to near distance was relieved bilaterally, accompanied by relief of neck stiffness after treatment. (Case 2) A 43-year-old female complained of a visual problem with pressure pain on the bilateral posterior cervical muscles. Performing with PAPT improved impaired ciliary muscle tension noticeably with relief of neck stiffness after treatment.ConclusionsThis is the first report on the improvement of impaired ocular accommodation with treating neck stiffness by using PAPT.

A review of multi-dimensional diagnosis of Alport syndrome in 22 children in Northeast China

Background Alport syndrome (AS) is progressive hereditary nephritis due to different gene mutations. Affected individuals usually develop hematuria during childhood with gradual deterioration of renal functions. We adopted multi-dimensional methods to diagnose Alport syndrome in order to decrease the misdiagnosis.Methods Twenty-two children were diagnosed and managed by the Department of Pediatric Nephrology of Jilin University First Hospital between January 2017 and January 2020 through multi-dimensional methods. Information collected included age of onset, age at diagnosis, clinical manifestations, family history (FH), renal pathology and their genotype. Results All patients presented with hematuria with various degrees of proteinuria in some patients. While three children suffered from hearing loss, none of the children in the cohort had any visual problem or renal failure. Besides five patients estimated as Stage 2, the remain seventeen cases were at Stage 0. Renal biopsy were obtained in eighteen patients and fourteen of them showed glomerular basement membranes (GBM)-specific abnormalities. Thirteen children had mutations of the collagen IV genes. Conclusion Combined with the importance of early diagnosis and economic factors, we adopted multi-dimensional methods to improve the diagnosis of Alport syndrome and estimate the risk of progression. We also reviewed the therapy progress.

A Review of Multi-dimensional Diagnosis of Alport Syndrome in 22 Children in Northeast China

Background Alport syndrome (AS) is progressive hereditary nephritis due to different gene mutations. Affected individuals usually develop hematuria during childhood with gradual deterioration of renal functions. We adopted multi-dimensional methods to diagnose Alport syndrome in order to decrease the misdiagnosis.Methods Twenty-two children were diagnosed and managed by the Department of Pediatric Nephrology of Jilin University First Hospital between January 2017 and January 2020 through multi-dimensional methods. Information collected included age of onset, age at diagnosis, clinical manifestations, family history (FH), renal pathology and their genotype. Results All patients presented with hematuria with various degrees of proteinuria in partial patients. While three children suffered from hearing loss, none of the children in the cohort had any visual problem or renal failure. Besides five patients estimated as Stage 2, the remain seventeen cases were at Stage 0. Renal biopsy were obtained in eighteen patients and fourteen of them showed glomerular basement membranes (GBM)-specific abnormalities. Thirteen children had mutations of the collagen IV genes.Conclusion Combined with the importance of early diagnosis and economic factors, we adopted multi-dimensional methods to diagnose Alport syndrome and estimate the risk of progression. We also reviewed the therapy progress.

Choosing appropriate tools and referral criteria for vision screening of children aged 4–5 years in Canada: a quantitative analysis

ObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of five vision screening tools used in a school setting using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).DesignWe compared the results of the five best evidence-based screening tools available in 2014 to the results of a comprehensive eye exam with cycloplegic refraction by a licenced optometrist. Screening included Cambridge Crowded Acuity Cards, Plusoptix S12 and Spot photoscreeners, Preschool Randot Stereoacuity Test and the Pediatric Vision Scanner (PVS). Referral criteria followed AAPOS (2013) guidelines and published norms.SettingA large school in Toronto, Canada, with 25 split classrooms of junior kindergarten (JK: 4 year olds) and senior kindergarten (SK: 5 year olds) children.ParticipantsOver 2 years, 1132 eligible children were enrolled at the school. After obtaining parental consent, 832 children were screened. Subsequently, 709 children had complete screening and optometry exam data.Main outcome measuresThe presence/absence of a visual problem based on optometrist’s assessment: amblyopia, amblyopia risk factors (reduced stereoacuity, strabismus and clinically significant refractive errors) and any other ocular problem (eg, nystagmus).ResultsOverall, 26.5% of the screened children had a visual problem, including 5.9% with amblyopia. Using all five tools, screening sensitivity=84% (95% CI 78 to 89), specificity=49% (95% CI 44 to 53), PPV=37% (95% CI 33 to 42), and NPV=90% (95% CI 86 to 93). The odds of having a correct screening result in SK (mean age=68.2 months) was 1.5 times those in JK (mean age=55.6 months; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1), with sensitivity improved to 89% (95% CI 80 to 96) and specificity improved to 57% (95% CI 50 to 64) among SK children.ConclusionsA school-based screening programme correctly identified 84% of those kindergarten children who were found to have a visual problem by a cyclopleged optometry exam. Additional analyses revealed how accuracy varies with different combinations of screening tools and referral criteria.

The Visual Problem of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology

This article describes a model of Unitary Quantum Field theory where the particle is represented as a wave packet. The frequency dispersion equation is chosen so that the packet periodically appears and disappears without form changings. The envelope of the process is identified with a conventional wave function. Equation of such a field is nonlinear and relativistically invariant. With proper adjustments, they are reduced to Dirac, Schrödinger and Hamilton-Jacobi equations. A number of new experimental effects have been predicted both for high and low energies. Fine structure constant (1/137) was determined in 1988, masses of numerous elementary particles starting from electron were evaluated in 2007 with accuracy less than 1 %.2 pentaquarks, 휃휃+barion, Higgs boson and particle 28 GeV were discovered 11 years later, all of them were evaluated with high accuracy before.