DETECTION OF LUNG CANCER USING IMAGE PROCESSING

This project constructs and assesses an image processing approach for lung cancer diagnosis in this study. Image processing techniques are frequently utilized for picture improvement in the detection phase to enable early medical therapy in a variety of medical issues. We suggested a lung cancer detection approach based on picture segmentation in this study. Image segmentation is a level of image processing that is intermediate. To segment a CT scan image, a marker control watershed and region growth technique is applied. Following the detection phases, picture augmentation with the Gabor filter, image segmentation, and feature extraction is performed. We discovered the efficiency of our strategy based on the experimental results. The results demonstrate that the watershed with the masking method, which has great accuracy and robustness, is the best strategy for detecting major features. Keywords: Lung cancer, MATLAB, CT images, Distortion removal, Segmentation, Mortality rate.

Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells is associated with ROS generation and activation of p38/JNK pathway

Purpose: To investigate the effect of 2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (DHPP) on lung cancer cells, and the associated mechanism.Methods: The effect of DHPP on cell proliferation was measured using sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. Apoptosis of cells was determined using Olympus IX71 inverted microscope connected to FITC and rhodamine filters.Results: DHPP significantly suppressed the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells at doses of 0.5-8.0 μM, but did not affect normal cells (MRC5 and BEAS-2B). In DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells, caspase-3 activity was markedly enhanced. At 24 h of treatment with 8.0 μM DUPP, apoptosis in A549 and H1299 cells was increased to 67.89 and 61.35 %, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of JNK-1/2 and p38 in DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells were markedly enhanced. The p-ERK-1/2 expressions in DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells were suppressed significantly at 24 h. In DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells, DCF-fluorescence was increased 10 folds and 8.5 folds, respectively. Pretreatment with FeTMPyP, an antioxidant, effectively alleviated DHPP-induced increase in expressions of p-p38 and p-JNK, and suppression of expression of p-ERK-1/2. In FeTMPyP-pre-treated cells, the DHPPinduced increase in caspase-3 activity was markedly reduced.Conclusion: DHPP selectively inhibits lung cancer cell growth via oxidative stress which subsequently causes cell apoptosis. Moreover, it activates caspase-3 protein and p38/JNK signaling, with simultaneous inactivation of ERK-1/2. Therefore, DHPP has a potential to be developed for the treatment of lung cancer. However; more studies are required to confirm these findings. Keywords: Lung cancer, Anti-oxidant, Apoptosis, Caspase-3, Chemotherapy

IMMEDIATE RESULTS OF PNEUMONECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (REGIONAL ONCOLOGICAL CENTER DATA)

Lung cancer is still the leading cause of death in oncologic patients, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Objective. The aim of the study is to examine the immediate results of pneumonectomy depending on various factors and their influence on the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study included 55 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who ubderwent pneumonectomy in the surgical thoracic department of the Regional Clinical Oncology Center in Ulyanovsk between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017. Results. Patients with FEV1<73 % demonstrated a greater number of complications (30 %) than patients with FEV1>73 % (24 %). Metabolic disorders and related obesity significantly increase complication risks: in patients with BMI<24.3 kg/m2 complications were observed in 41.6 %, while in patients with BMI>24.3 kg/m2 complications were noticed in 22.6 % According to thoracic morbidity and mortality system type II complications prevailed and numbered 18 (62 %) among postoperative complications. It might be due to the careful selection of patients for pneumonectomy. Conclusion. TMM system allows us thoroughly to record all deviations from the normal postoperative period, which contributes to better data analysis. Complications and mortality after pneumonectomy in malignant lung diseases are the result of many factors. Appropriate screening and careful perioperative nursing are of high priority in the prevention of complications and mortality. Keywords: lung cancer, pneumonectomy, postoperative complications, TMM system. Рак легкого по-прежнему является ведущей причиной смерти онкологических больных несмотря на успехи в диагностике и лечении. Цель. Изучить непосредственные результаты пневмонэктомий в зависимости от различных факторов и их влияние на частоту послеоперационных осложнений и летальность. Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное исследование включены 55 больных немелкоклеточным раком легкого (НМРЛ), которые были оперированы в объеме пневмонэктомии в хирургическом торакальном отделении ГУЗ Областной клинический онкологический диспансер г. Ульяновска в период с 1 января 2016 г. по 31 декабря 2017 г. Результаты. У больных с ОФВ1 ниже 73 % наблюдалось большее количество осложнений – 30 %, чем у пациентов, у которых ОФВ1 превышал 73 %, – 24 %. Метаболические нарушения и связанное с этим ожирение значительно повышают риск возникновения осложнений: если в группе с ИМТ меньше 24,3 кг/м2 количество осложнений встречалось в 41,6 % случаев, то при ИМТ более 24,3 кг/м2 – в 22,6 %. В структуре послеоперационных осложнений, классифицированных по системе TMM, отмечено существенное преобладание осложнений II типа – 18 (62 %), что может быть обусловлено тщательным отбором пациентов для хирургического лечения в объеме пневмонэктомии. Выводы. Система ТММ позволяет наиболее тщательно регистрировать все отклонения от нормального течения послеоперационного периода, что способствует более качественному анализу данных. Осложнения и смертность после пневмонэктомии при злокачественных заболеваниях легкого являются результатом многих факторов. Соответствующий отбор и тщательный периоперационный уход за больными имеют первостепенное значение в профилактике осложнений и летальности. Ключевые слова: рак легкого, пневмонэктомия, послеоперационные осложнения, система TMM.

The value of miR-155 as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Abstract Background: In recent years, several studies have investigated the impact of miR-155 on the diagnosis and prognosis of LCa, but results of these researches were still controversial due to insufficient sample size. Thus, we carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis to figure out whether miR-155 could be a screening tool in the detection and prognosis of LCa. Methods: A meta-analysis of 13 articles with 19 studies was performed by retrieving the PubMed, Embase and other bibliographic databases. We screened all correlated literaters until December 1st, 2018. For the diagnostic value of miR-155 in LCa, SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC were pooled to evaluate the accuracy of miRNA-155 in the diagnosis of LCa. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to distinguish the potential sources of heterogeneity between studies. For the prognositic value of miR-155 in LCa, the pooled HRs and 95% CIs of miRNA-155 for OS and DFS/ PFS were calculated. Results: For the diagnosis analysis of miR-155 in LCa, the pooled SEN and SPE were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72-0.88) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71-0.84), respectively. Besides, the pooled PLR was 3.75 (95% CI: 2.76-5.10), NLR was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.15-0.37), DOR was 15.99 (95% CI: 8.11-31.52) and AUC was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90), indicating a significant value of miR-155 in the LCa detection. For the prognostic analysis of miR-155 in LCa, up-regulated miRNA-155 expression was not significantly associated with a poor OS (pooled HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.66-2.40) or DFS/PFS (pooled HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.82-1.97). Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that miR-155 could be used as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of LCa but not an effective biomarker for predicting the prognosis of LCa. Furthermore, more well-designed researches with larger cohorts were warranted to confirm the value of miR-155 for the diagnosis and prognosis of LCa. Keywords: lung cancer, miR-155, diagnosis, prognosis, biomarker

Malignant pulmonary neoplasms predisposing to pneumothorax

Bachground. The main purpose was to point out pneumothorax (P) as the first symptom of thoracic malignancy. The mechanisms by which pneumothorax occurs in lung cancer are not clear. Materials and methods. From 1970 to 2009, 42 cases of pneumothorax as the initial symptoms of lung cancer were diagnosed at the Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University. In 27 patients (64.3%), pneumothorax occurred in primary lung carcinoma (LC) and 15 patients (35.7%) in metastatic LC. The mean age was 53.7 years. The morphology of LC was as follows: squamous cell carcinoma 17 cases (40.4%), adenocarcinoma 6 cases (14.3%) and small cell carcinoma 5 cases (11.9%). Morphology in the group of 15 metastatic cases (35.7%): 2 cases of metastatic angiosarcoma, 3 cases of chondrosarcoma, 4 cases of seminoma, 4 cases of renal cancer and 2 cases of metastatic synovial sarcoma. Results. Pleural drainage with chemotherapy was used for 16 patients (38.0%), 21 patients (50.0%) underwent thoracotomy, and 5 patients (11.9%) video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Complications were noted in 10 patients (23.8%). Pneumothorax was cured in 41 patients (97.6%), and 1 patient (2.4%) died. In 16 patients (38.0%) the lung was expanded by drainage, 21 (50.0%) underwent surgery and 5 patients (11.9%) minimal invasive surgery (VATS), 14 patients (33.3%) underwent chemoradiation after lung recovery. Median survival of the patients was 31 months. Conclusions. Pneumothorax as the first manifestation of LC appears not often but may have dangerous complications. Keywords: lung cancer, pneumothorax, pneumothorax as an initial symptom of malignant pulmonary neoplasms, diagnostics and treatment of lung cancer, lung metastases

Does the Consumption of Green Tea Reduce the Risk of Lung Cancer among Smokers?

Experimental and epidemiological studies were reviewed to assess whether the consumption of green tea could reduce the risk of lung cancer in smokers. Articles published since 1990 were located by searching electronic databases PubMed, Ovid and Science Direct, using keywords ‘lung cancer’, ‘tea’ and ‘smoking’ without any restriction on language. After relevant articles had been located, further papers were obtained from their reference lists. Evidence from experimental studies (in vitroanimal and human trials) suggested that regular intake of green tea may be protective against tobacco carcinogens. However, the mechanism behind the protective effect is only partly understood. In most of the epidemiological studies reviewed, the green tea exposure was within 5 years of the interview or follow-up, which would coincide with the induction period and latent period of lung cancer. Longer term studies are thus needed to further quantify the cancer risk. There is some evidence suggesting regular intake of green tea at high level (>3 cups per day) may reduce the risk of smokers developing lung cancer. Improvement in measuring green tea intake is required in order to confirm the evidence from epidemiological studies.