Coping in Centenarians: Patterns and Correlates

Coping strategies are a source of resilience, yet little is known about their use in centenarians. We examined patterns in coping strategy use and determined how these patterns were associated with characteristics such as personality, cognitive status, quality of life, and health. We analyzed data from the Fordham Centenarian Study (N = 119), where centenarians responded to 40 items covering 10 coping dimensions (e.g., active problem-solving, support seeking, reappraisal). Findings revealed two clusters which differed in amount and strategy types: One was characterized by high use of many strategies which addressed the problem and its appraisal. The other was characterized by a smaller strategy repertoire, with very limited use of problem-focused strategies. The more varied and problem-focused coping pattern was associated with other characteristics, such as personality (e.g., extraversion) and quality of life (e.g., well-being). Findings suggest variation in coping profiles associated with resilience in centenarians.

A review of mental health literacy strategy for adolescence

Adolescents' problems concerning mental health could a burden for individual, families, and environments. To prevent further worsening mental problems, mental health literacy is needed. Mental health literacy has been promoted in advanced countries. However, it is implemented optimally in developing countries. This research aimed to find out the mental health literacy strategies done by adolescents. This article is a systematic literature review study. To obtain the articles for analysis purposes, search engine assistance was used such as Cochrane Library, Medpub, and ERIC. From 82 collected articles, and inclusion and exclusion stages were carried out to select the articles for the literature study purpose. They were then extracted from individually to get the significant findings. From the results of 11 reviewed articles, a conclusion was found. There were different mental health literacy implementation strategies in each country. Various mental health strategy types for adolescents covered national, community, school-based, and self-empowerment scope strategies.

Iconic strategies in lexical sensory signs in Finnish Sign Language

Iconic strategies—methods of making iconic forms—have been mostly considered in terms of concrete semantic fields such as actions and objects. In this article, I investigate iconic strategies in lexical sensory signs—signs that semantically relate to the five senses (sight, touch, smell, sound, and taste) and to emotions (e.g., anger)—in Finnish Sign Language. The iconic strategy types I discuss are hand-action, entity, drawing, and locating. I also discuss the indexical strategy type (e.g., finger pointing). To gain as rich and broad a view as possible, the mixed methods in the research consist of three components: intuition based, intersubjective, and statistical analyses. The main findings are (1) that, in order from most preferred to least preferred strategy, the hand-action, the entity, the indexical, and the drawing were found in lexical sensory signs; the locating strategy was not found at all, and (2) that the interpretation of iconic strategies is not always unambiguous and absolute. In conclusion, I reflect on methodological issues, and suggest that the concept of cross-modal iconicity and indexicality should be further studied in sign language linguistics.

Ecological Traits Influencing Anthropogenic Debris Ingestion by Herbivorous Reef Fishes

One of the most conspicuous marks of the Anthropocene worldwide is the ubiquitous pollution by long lifespan materials (e.g., plastic). In marine habitats, anthropogenic debris are observed from floating on the surface to deposited on the substrate or ingested by wildlife at different food web levels. However, the link between feeding strategy types and debris ingestion by reef fishes remains poorly explored. We analyzed the gut contents of three nominally herbivorous fishes along the Brazilian coast: the doctorfish Acanthurus chirurgus, the parrotfish, Sparisoma axillare, and the chub Kyphosus vaigiensis. Individual [i.e., total length (TL)] and species-level functional traits, as well sites with distinct environmental features (i.e., tourism activity intensity, fishing pressure, and distance from the coast), were tested as predictors of the concentration of debris found inside individual fish guts. Debris found were quantified, measured, and classified accordingly to color and shape. We found debris in 52.7% of individuals. Debris ranged from 0.10 to 11.75 mm, and the frequency of occurrence and ingestion rate (number of debris per individual) varied among species, being higher for the scraper species S. axillare (95.7% and 4.9 ± 1.2, respectively) and A. chirurgus (74.6% and 1.64 ± 0.34), than for the browser K. vaigiensis (55.8% and 0.83 ± 0.24). TL, scraping feeding mode, and the most impacted location were positively related to debris ingestion rate. Our work revealed a higher vulnerability of an ecologically important trophic group to debris ingestion and of an already threatened species according to Brazilian red list. Besides the increasing number of species contaminated by anthropogenic debris, its effect on fish biology and physiology remains poorly understood. Understanding these links would improve conservation planning as species contamination could act as a proxy for environmental pollution on marine habitats.

The Effect of Adolescence Conflict Negotiation Strategy Types on Antisocial Peer Conformity

;

Request Strategies as Seen in the Movie Silver Linings Playbook

This research aimed to investigate the types of request strategies used by the characters in the movie Silver Linings Playbook (2012). It also identified the types of request goals made by the characters. The data were taken from dialogues in the movie, which contained request utterances. The data were then classified into nine strategy types of request according to Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), followed by the classification of the data into four types of request goals according to the theory proposed by Blum-Kulka et al. (1985, as cited in Forgas, 1985, p. 118). The result showed that 202 request strategies were made by the characters. The most frequently used request strategy found in the movie was a direct request, which was mood derivable with 111 occurrences (54.9%). Meanwhile, for request goals, requests for action was the most frequently implored type by the characters, and it was dominated by mood derivable strategy with 103 occurrences (64.8%).

Taxonomic categories for commissioning and startup hot spot strategies

Purpose The purpose of this study is to better understand distinct solution strategy types for common commissioning and startup problems (Hot Spots) in the construction of industrial facilities. The authors also sought to better understand which solution strategy types offer the best value for the effort required. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a method of qualitative coding of text-based data to identify themes, patterns and trends from a collection of 178 commissioning and startup (CSU) solution strategies for the CSU Hot Spots. Coding categories emerged after multiple iterations. The authors also mapped high-value, low-effort solution strategies across the categories. Chi-squared testing and analysis of proportion statistics help quantitatively justify this qualitative research. Findings The authors identified 12 distinct coding categories and showed that they follow a non-uniform distribution via statistical testing. Those strategy types which provide particularly good value for the effort required are identified (such as quality assurance and control strategies), as well as those strategy types that do not. Research limitations/implications Research is limited to CSU for the construction of industrial facilities. The findings are also limited to a subset of the most commonly problematic CSU activities. Many findings may be beneficial for heavy civil and commercial CSU as well. Practical implications Coding categories, definitions and descriptions provide a good overview of all 178 solution strategies for CSU project professionals. Implementing certain types of solutions or solution programs may allow CSU managers to prevent multiple Hot Spots from becoming problematic or to keep problems already occurring from becoming worse. Managers will also benefit from knowledge about which strategy types are more likely to give a higher value for lower effort. Originality/value Qualitative coding and analysis of solution strategies for common CSU problems have never been conducted so rigorously in any other CSU study. This method has yielded results distinct from other CSU studies which have used quantitative methods. Insights from findings have advanced the body of knowledge surrounding problem-solving in the commissioning and startup sub-discipline.

REQUEST STRATEGIES AS SEEN IN THE MOVIE SILVER LININGS PLAYBOOK

This research aimed to investigate the types of request strategies used by the characters in the movie Silver Linings Playbook (2012). It also identified the types of request goals made by the characters. The data were taken from dialogues in the movie, which contained request utterances. The data were then classified into nine strategy types of request according to Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), followed by the classification of the data into four types of request goals according to the theory proposed by Blum-Kulka et al. (1985, as cited in Forgas, 1985, p. 118). The result showed that 202 request strategies were made by the characters. The most frequently used request strategy found in the movie was a direct request, which was mood derivable with 111 occurrences (54.9%). Meanwhile, for request goals, requests for action was the most frequently implored type by the characters, and it was dominated by mood derivable strategy with 103 occurrences (64.8%).

Measuring parent strategy use in early intervention: Reliability and validity of the Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention Fidelity Rating Scale across strategy types

Children with autism spectrum disorder benefit from early, intensive interventions to improve social communication, and parent-implemented interventions are a feasible, family-centered way to increase treatment dosage. The success of such interventions is dependent on a parent’s ability to implement the strategies with fidelity. However, measurement of parent strategy use varies across studies. Most studies use one of two types of observational coding measures (macro- and micro-codes). Macro-codes are known for being efficient while micro-codes are known for being precise. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of the NDBI-Fi, a macro-code, compared to a micro-code. Parent–child interaction videos for 177 participants were used to compare these measures. Results demonstrated that the NDBI-Fi had strong inter-rater reliability. It also had strong convergent validity with the micro-code after intervention. In addition, the NDBI-Fi was sensitive to change, and it demonstrated precision comparable to the micro-code. Furthermore, a novel scoring procedure detected differences in parents who learned different intervention strategy types. However, the NDBI-Fi did not demonstrate strong validity before intervention, particularly when measuring responsive intervention strategies. Taken together, findings support the use of the NDBI-Fi as an outcome measure, and future work should focus on continued development of valid pre-intervention macro-codes. Lay abstract Children with autism spectrum disorder benefit from early intervention to improve social communication, and parent-implemented interventions are a feasible and family-centered way to increase the amount of treatment they receive. For these treatments to be effective, it is important for the parent to implement the strategies as intended. However, measurement of parent strategy use is inconsistent across studies of parent-implemented interventions. This study evaluates the quality of the NDBI-Fi, an efficient measure, compared to a more time-consuming measure that is known to be precise. Videos of parents playing with their children were used to compare these two measurement methods. Results demonstrated that the NDBI-Fi was of good quality: scorers had high levels of agreement, the NDBI-Fi was similar to the more precise measure in rating parents after intervention, it detected changes from before to after intervention, and it detected differences when parents learned different types of intervention strategies. The NDBI-Fi was not as precise as the other measure across all strategies before parents learned intervention. Taken together, the findings of this study support the use of the NDBI-Fi as a high-quality outcome measure.

FIRM STRATEGY AND INNOVATION DYNAMICS: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF INNOVATION COMPETITION

Firms of different business strategy types reveal different behavioural patterns in their innovation and business performance while facing various difficulties as they seek to adapt to a turbulent competitive environment. Accordingly, we want to make progress by using the dynamic view, which follows the Schumpeterian perspective of firm behaviour through innovation (business) strategy. We advocate a dynamic approach to the strategic and behavioural patterns influencing business performance that is appropriate for small and mediumsized firms as well as giant corporations in highly competitive industries and catching-up economies. Thus, by combining different theoretical approaches we develop an alternative conceptual ‘cost-advantage leader-follower’ (CALF) model of innovation for when firms are developing cost-cutting process inventions.