Molecular identification of dye degrading bacterial isolates and FT-IR analysis of degraded products

In the present study, dye decolorizing bacteria were isolated from water and soil samples, collected from textile industries in Jodhpur province, India. Two bacterial species namely, <i>Bacillus pumilis</i> and <i>Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus</i> were screened and identified based on biochemical characterization. The degradation efficiency of these two microorganisms was compared through optimization of pH, incubation time, initial dye concentration and inoculum size. <i>B. pumilis</i> and <i>P. thiominolyticus</i> were able to degrade 61% and 67% Red HE3B, 81% and 75% Orange F2R, 49.7% and 44.2% Yellow ME4GL and 61.6% and 59.5% Blue RC CT dyes of 800mg/l concentration respectively. The optimum pH and time were found to be 8 within 24 hours. The FT-IR analysis confirmed that microorganisms were able to degrade toxic azo dyes into a non-toxic product as proved through structural modifications to analyze chemical functions in materials by detecting the vibrations that characterize chemical bonds. It is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by the microbial product. Therefore, <i>Bacillus pumilis</i> and <i>Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus</i> are a promising tool for decolorization of dyes due to its potential to effectively decolorize higher azo dye concentrations (10-800 mg/L) and can be exploited for bioremediation.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE BIOSORPTION PROCESSES OF THE RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS AND YTTRIUM IN THE WATER ENVIRONMTNT BY HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA

This study shows the experimental results of the rare earth element and Y (REY) distribution patterns between heterotrophic bacteria and water under acidic pH conditions for five different bacterial strains (Microbacterium sp., Curtobacterium sp., Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus pumilis) which are widespread in natural and technogenic ground- and surface waters of the Far East of the Russian Federation. The insignificant distribution pattern between heavy and light REE, a negative Ce and Dy anomalies and a positive Eu anomaly were found. It was discovered the selectivity of the REY biosorption by the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the time response of the biosorption process in a more acid environment.

Phytochemical screening, FT-IR analysis and antimicrobial activity of Wattakaka volubilis

The present study was evaluated the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Wattakaka volubilis leaf extract. The Wattakaka volubilis is medicinal plant used in the treatment of various diseases (Wound, diabetics, rheumatic and diarrhea). The ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether and DMSO extract from the leaf of Wattakaka volubilis were screened on their phytochemicals analysis. Among thesePhytochemicals were alkaloids, anthroquione, caumarin, flavanoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids for present in the following extracts ethanol, methanol. The petroleum ether and DMSO only present in several phytochemicals like alkaloid, anthroquinone, terpenoids and tannins. Wattakaka volubilis against the antibacterial like E. coli, B. pumilus, Enterobacter aerogens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The zone of inhibition of Wattkaka voulubilis leaf extract against the bacteria was maximum inhibition Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogens, Bacillus pumilis. The least zone of inhibition was recorded against E.coli. The characterization of the plant extract and the functional groups was analyzed in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The absorbance bands analysis were observed in the region of 4000-400cm-1 are 23 compounds derived. The compounds represented the ranges from 3905.21 to 436.41 peaks were shown. This study which is the primary report on the phytochemicals analysis and antibacterial properties of Wattakaka volubilis supports its traditional uses in the treatment of infectious and non- infectious diseases.

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Two Mosses: Calymperes erosum C. Mull and Bryum coronatum Schwaegr from South-Western Nigeria

Bryophytes are poikilohydric in nature and the oldest known land plant. Their striking resistance to microbial attack suggests their inherent production of antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial activity of acetone, ethanol, methanol and hexane extracts of Calymperes erosum C. Mull and Bryum coronatum Schwaegr were investigated against twenty clinically important bacteria pathogens. Agar dilution method was used to assess the effectiveness of the extracts on the test organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts of C. erosum were between ˂0.625 and ˃5.0 mg/ml. Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031, Enterococcus feacalis ATCC 29212, Bacillus pumilis ATCC 14884 and Enterobacter cloaca ATCC 13047 in decreasing order are most sensitive to the extracts while Proteus vulgaris KZN, Staphylococcus aureus OK2 and Shigella sonnei ATCC 29930 were resistant to the extracts. Ethanolic extract was the most effective among the extracts followed by acetone extract. B. coronatum had relatively lower activity. While the mosses screened proved to be promising sources of antimicrobial and biologically active compounds, their toxicity and action mechanism still needed to be investigated.