Dynamics of correlation between the level of anxiety and abilities to adapt to university in students

Elaborated is the content of the concepts of “anxiety” and “adaptation”. The dynamics of neuropsychiatric stability, situational anxiety and adaptation in students during the initial period of study at the university were revealed. During the adaptation period, reactive anxiety changes in the direction of its increase. The presence of the relationship of adaptive abilities and anxiety in students in 1–3 semester of study is shown. There is an increased interaction of these mental phenomena among themselves in 1st semester. During the adaptation period, the level of statistical connection between reactive anxiety and communicative abilities increases. Moral normality is a situational characteristic during adaptation and its relationship with personal and reactive anxiety is weak, but tends to increase. Most students successfully overcome the initial period of study, but the values of personal adaptation potential in students lie in the zone of “reduced adaptation”, that is, the adaptation process is in a positive direction, but it is difficult. In order for a student to effectively pass the adaptation period, he needs to increase the level of communicative abilities and neuropsychiatric resistance. This will reduce anxiety to the optimal level.

Reevaluation of the Correlations between Ultrasound Features of Thyroid Nodules and Grades of Bethesda Classification

AIM: To reevaluate the correlations between ultrasound (US) features of thyroid nodules (THNs) and grades of Bethesda classification, to select correctly the patients who must undergo fine needle aspiration (FNAB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, we have included 260 cytologies of thyroid gland between the period of 2014–2018. The procedures are performed at radiology department of Hygeia Hospital. In our study are excluded the cases with a high risk of hemorrhage and the patients which did not accept the anesthetic procedure because of anxiety. The study includes only the first punctions with their respective Bethesda classification and not repeated FNAB cases. First using the z test, we compared the percentage occupied by the Bethesda categories that are indicative of surgery (BIV + BV + BVI) at US features that suspect malignancy (hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, abnormal contours, central vascularization), with the percentage occupied by group (BIV + BV + BVI) at the US features which indicate benignity (hyperechoic, no microcalcifications, peripheral vascularization, cystic-solidocystic, spongiform, normal contours). Furthermore, We have evaluated utilizing the odds ratio if there was a correlation between TR4 and TR5 categories in ACR/TIRADS classification and the categories (BIV+BV+BVI) for any statistical significance. The significance of the dimensions of the nodule was tested as an indicator for surgical intervention. For this purpose, the percentage occupied by the nodules with a diameter larger than 1.5 cm at (BIV + BV + BVI) group was compared with the percentage occupied by nodules smaller than 1.5 cm at BIV + BV + BVI. In addition, we observed if there was a strong statistical connection between nodules larger than 1.5 cm and the Bethesda categories that suggested malignancy. There was no statistical test made for the features “taller than wide” and microcalcifications because of the small number of cases. It was also made a comparison of percentages (BIV + BV + BVI) even for three clinical features: Men versus women, solitary nodule versus multinodular goiter, left lobe versus right lobe. We compared the percentages occupied by the (BIV + BV + BVI) group of categories in patients over 45 years old with the percentages occupied by this group at patients younger than 45 years old. We also noted which of Bethesda categories is more frequent. CONCLUSIONS: The features that are more indicative for FNAB are hypoechogenicity, consistency, intranodal vascularization, and extralobar positioning. If a THN has one of the above features and has a dimension of more than 10 mm, it has an indication for FNAB. Indications for FNAB increase with the increasing of the abovementioned features of a THN. The combination of US features that suggest malignancy, TR4 and TR5, with BIII category is a strong indicator for surgical intervention. The results of this study are similar with the results of prior studies, and we could not distinguish any specific US feature that has an absolute indication for FNAB. The appropriate determination of the US features of a THN in correlation with the patient’s clinic information will determine the proper indication for a FNAB.

Affine connections of non-integrable distributions

In this paper, we study non-integrable distributions in a Riemannian manifold with a semi-symmetric metric connection, a kind of semi-symmetric non-metric connection and a statistical connection. We obtain the Gauss, Codazzi, and Ricci equations for non-integrable distributions with respect to the semi-symmetric metric connection, the semi-symmetric non-metric connection and the statistical connection. As applications, we obtain Chen’s inequalities for non-integrable distributions of real space forms endowed with a semi-symmetric metric connection and a kind of semi-symmetric non-metric connection. We give some examples of non-integrable distributions in a Riemannian manifold with affine connections. We find some new examples of Einstein distributions and distributions with constant scalar curvature.

CIVILIZATIONAL IDENTITY OF RUSSIAN STUDENT YOUTH IN A DIGITAL SOCIETY

The modern concept of civilization, processes of civilizational identification and identity on the basis of allocation of basic values have been considered. Traditional spiritual and moral values of Russian population have been studied. Methodological and methodical issues of sociological diagnostics of civilizational identity of Russian students have been revealed. Some results of the author’s sociological research with presentation of a comparative assessment of the orientation of young people on the values of the Russian civilization have been adduced. On the basis of comparative analysis, the description of social constructs (patterns) of values of the Russian civilization has been given, the data on the statistical connection of the civilizational identity of students and their integration into virtual forms of social interaction have been presented. The measures to improve the conditions of the process of civilizational identification of Russian students and to include them in the process of digitalization of society have been substantiated.

Determinant Factors of Farmers’ Willingness to Start Agritourism in Rural Nepal

Agritourism in developing countries is regarded as a tool not only for rural development but also for poverty alleviation. However, up until now, the majority of the studies on agritourism have been conducted in economically strong countries, focusing on already-developed agritourism destinations. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to investigate farmers’ willingness before the establishment of agritourism and the factors that are driving their motivation. The results of an empirical questionnaire survey in rural Nepal conducted in August 2017 revealed that farmers are willing to engage in agritourism. Furthermore, the results indicate that agritourism has a statistical connection with elements related to tourism and an element related to agriculture. Specifically, willingness to start agritourism is connected with the types of tourist attracted and the farmers’ willingness to share land resources. Each factor is further explained by employing three different variables. In summary, those farmers who are 21 to 40 years old, have returned from foreign countries, are frequently involved in community activities, and are relatively educated are the potential agritourism practitioners in rural Nepal. This study suggests that policymakers should pay special consideration to farmers with the above traits for agritourism development.

ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND POVERTY IN EUROPEAN UNION

Excessive accumulation and raising income inequality re- flected on the high rates of poverty in the European Union countries. Economic literature has wide research on the link between income inequality and economic growth. However, knowledge about correlation between income inequality and poverty is scare. In this paper, we have proved that poverty is not synonymous for income ine- quality, but that is a product of income inequality. Income inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient, reflected the movement of the percentage of the population who are at risk of poverty. The coefficient of simple on correlation showed that income inequality affects the growth risk of poverty in the countries of the European Union. Besides poverty, as a consequence of income inequality, other socio-economic problems also appeared: the suppression of economic growth, the rise in crime rate, the decline in the quality of education and health, the political inequal- ity growth. All these problems should warn governments to take economic policy for reducing economic inequal- ity. The European Union, as an area of 28 member states, needs to carefully select economic policy instruments to reduce income inequality and ensure stable ground for economic growth. The differences between the level of development, the index of democracy, income and liv- ing standards in observed countries have influenced the difficulty in observing the problem and computing math- ematical and statistical connection. Through equalization of incomes, the European Union could solve problems of poverty, social exclusion and democracy (measured by index of democracy).

How to optimally constrain galaxy assembly bias: supplement projected correlation functions with count-in-cells statistics

ABSTRACT Most models for the statistical connection between galaxies and their haloes ignore the possibility that galaxy properties may be correlated with halo properties other than halo mass, a phenomenon known as galaxy assembly bias. And yet, it is known that such correlations can lead to systematic errors in the interpretation of survey data that are analysed using traditional halo occupation models. At present, the degree to which galaxy assembly bias may be present in the real Universe, and the best strategies for constraining it remain uncertain. We study the ability of several observables to constrain galaxy assembly bias from redshift survey data using the decorated halo occupation distribution (dHOD), an empirical model of the galaxy–halo connection that incorporates assembly bias. We cover an expansive set of observables, including the projected two-point correlation function wp(rp), the galaxy–galaxy lensing signal ΔΣ(rp), the void probability function VPF(r), the distributions of counts-in-cylinders P(NCIC), and counts-in-annuli P(NCIA), and the distribution of the ratio of counts in cylinders of different sizes P(N2/N5). We find that despite the frequent use of the combination wp(rp) + ΔΣ(rp) in interpreting galaxy data, the count statistics, P(NCIC) and P(NCIA), are generally more efficient in constraining galaxy assembly bias when combined with wp(rp). Constraints based upon wp(rp) and ΔΣ(rp) share common degeneracy directions in the parameter space, while combinations of wp(rp) with the count statistics are more complementary. Therefore, we strongly suggest that count statistics should be used to complement the canonical observables in future studies of the galaxy–halo connection.

Impairment of intangible assets and disclosure by Italian banks

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the methods used to perform impairment test for intangible assets from a business combination and the information provided by the consolidated financial statements of a Group of Italian banks in the period 2009-2014. The purpose is to verify if, as assumed in literature, there is a positive link between profitability and the tendency of manager’s to post the impairment losses of intangible assets promptly and accurately. Design/methodology/approach The existence of a link between profitability and the quality of disclosure was verified by constructing correlation indices, and then ascertaining not only the reliability but also the strength and direction of the statistical connection between the above two aspects. A multivariate linear regression reconfirmed the results obtained by the previous bivariate analysis. Findings The results confirm the basic assumption, showing that the link between the aspects considered is statistically significant and positive in all the years in question. Originality/value This study fills a gap, given that no papers were found in literature specifically pertaining to banks and other financial institutions. Moreover, the decision to focus the study on Italian banks seems to be particularly appropriate for a number of different reasons: before the financial crisis, Italian banks made numerous acquisitions, posting high amounts for intangible assets; the financial crisis made the stock market prices plummet, thus making it necessary to write-off intangible assets from business combinations; and even before the ESMA, the Bank of Italy intervened on several occasions on the question of reporting, urging Italian banks to comply with disclosure requirements and impairment criteria.

Completness of Statistical Structures

In this survey note, we discuss the notion of completeness for statistical structures. There are at least three connections whose completeness might be taken into account, namely, the Levi-Civita connection of the given metric, the statistical connection, and its conjugate. Especially little is known on the completeness of statistical connections.