Bias of Calf Sex on Milk Yield and Fat Yield in Holstein Crossbreed Cows

In order to examine the biased milk production depending on the sex of calves, data on calving and milk yield characteristics of 15,181 Holstein type cows in PK Belgrade, Serbia were analyzed. A total of 30,362 lactations that were realized in the period from 1985 to 2017 were analyzed. Data were prepared and analyzed using the SAS software package (SAS Institute Inc. Software License 9.3, 2012). The expression and variability of investigated traits were determined using the PROC MEANS procedure, while the effect of individual factors on milk yield traits was analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure. Obtained results deviate from the views of the Trivers–Willard (TW) hypothesis. The results indicate that mothers invest more in female offspring by producing a higher milk and fat yield in the first and second lactation compared to male offspring. This is especially emphasized under better environmental conditions. The highest milk yield (7788 kg) and fat yield (271 kg) in the second lactation were achieved in the combination with two consecutive female calves in the group of higher-than-average milk production farms, and lowest in the combination of two consecutive male calves (6783 kg for the MY and 243 kg for the FY), respectively.

Finding Software License Violations Through Binary Code Clone Detection - A Retrospective

Ten years ago, we published the article Finding software license violations through binary code clone detection at the MSR 2011 conference. Our paper was motivated by the tendency of em- bedded hardware vendors to only release binary blobs of their rmware, often violating the licensing terms of open-source soft- ware present inside those blobs. The techniques presented in our paper were designed to accurately identify open-source code hid- den inside binary blobs. Here, we give our perspectives on the impact of our work, both industrially and academically, and re- visit the original problem statement to see what has happened in the eld of open-source compliance in the intervening decade.

Correlations of teleradiographic parameters of teeth location determined by the methods of Bjork, Jarabak and Sassouni with the parameters of the upper and lower jaws in young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion

Annotation. Determining the characteristics of certain indicators within a certain population, the relationship between certain anatomical structures and parameters of the human body is one of the key tasks of clinical anthropology. Identifying the nature, strength and direction of the interdependencies of such indicators is a key element not only for understanding human nature but also for solving clinical, including dental problems today. The aim of the study was to establish in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion the peculiarities of correlations of teleradiographic parameters of tooth location determined by Bjork, Jarabak and Sassouni methods with parameters of upper and lower jaws and tooth location. Teleradiography in the mode of cephalometric examination was performed for 49 young men and 76 young women with orthognathic occlusion. Cephalometric analysis was performed using OnyxCeph³™ software, 3DPro version, Image Instruments GmbH, Germany (software license URSQ-1799). Correlation assessment was performed in the license package “Statistica 6.0” using the non-parametric Spearman method. In young men and young women, the features of multiple correlations of teleradiographic parameters of the upper and lower jaws with the parameters of the location of the teeth determined by the methods of CFT-Bjork, Roth-Jarabak and Sassouni. As a result of quantitative analysis of significant correlations between teleradiographic parameters of the upper and lower jaws with the parameters of the location of the teeth found: CFT-Bjork in young men 46.9 %, of which 5.4 % straight strong, 18.5 % straight medium and 2.3 % straight weak and 2.3 % reversible strong, 16.2 % reversible medium strength and 2.3 % reverse weak, and young women – 38.5 %, of which, 2.3 % direct strong, 15.4 % direct medium strength and 6.2 % direct weak and 0.8 % reverse strong, 7.7 % reverse medium strength and 6.2 % of reversible weak; according to the Roth-Jarabak method, 36.2 % of young men, 6.6 % of direct strong, 11.8 % of direct medium strength and 2.6 % of direct weak and 2.6 % of reverse strong, 11.8 % of reverse of medium strength and 0.7 % of reverse weak, and young women – 44.7 %, of which, 3.9 % direct strong, 15.1 % direct medium strength and 7.2 % direct weak and 0.7 % reverse strong, 8.6 % reverse medium strength and 9.2 % reverse weak; according to the Sassouni method, 42.8 % of young men have all medium-strength, and 42.8 % of young women have, of which 35.7 % have medium-strength and 7.1 % have weak straight. Manifestations of sexual dimorphism of the received correlations are established only between the indicators defined by CFT-Bjork and Roth-Jarabak methods.

Correlations of basal cranial structures characteristics determined by Bjork and Jarabak methods with teleradiographic parameters of the upper and lower jaws and tooth location in young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion

The widespread use of methods of cephalometric analysis in practical orthodontics requires the adaptation of normative indicators for members of the local ethnic group. It is also important to study the relationships between cranial and odontometric parameters to understand the effects of these components on each other. The aim of the study was to establish the peculiarities of correlations between the characteristics of basal cranial structures determined by Bjork and Jarabak methods with teleradiographic parameters of the upper and lower jaws and the location of teeth in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion. Teleradiography was performed in the mode of cephalometric examination of 49 young men (aged 17 to 21 years) and 76 young women (aged 16 to 20 years) who had a physiological bite as close as possible to orthognathic. Cephalometric analysis according to modifications of Jarabak J. R. – Roth-Jarabak and Bjork A. – CFT-Bjork methods, performed using OnyxCeph³™ software, 3DPro version, Image Instruments GmbH, Germany (software license № URSQ-1799). All indicators were divided into three groups according to Dmitriev M. O. (2017): the first group included metric characteristics of the skull, which are used as basic indicators in the methods of cephalometric analysis; to the second group – dental-maxillary in which the skeleton has already been formed and which surgical methods can change the length, width, angles and positions of the upper and lower jaws; to the third group – indicators that actually characterize the position of each individual tooth relative to each other, cranial structures and the profile of the soft tissues of the face. Correlation assessment was performed in the license package "Statistica 6.0" using the non-parametric Spearman method. As a result of the conducted researches in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion the peculiarities of multiple correlations of characteristics of basal cranial structures determined by CFT-Bjork and Roth-Jarabak methods with teleradiographic parameters of upper and lower jaws and tooth location were established. Both the CFT-Bjork method and the Roth-Jarabak method have more reliable correlations in both young men and young women between the first and second groups (23.3 % for young men and 50.0 % for young women for CFT-Bjork and 48.4 % for young men and 41.1% for young women according to Roth-Jarabak) than between the indicators of the first and third groups (respectively 12.8 % for young men and 7.7 % for young women for CFT-Bjork and 22.5 % for young men and 12.5 % for young women for Roth-Jarabak). The expressed manifestations of sexual dimorphism of the received correlations between the indicators defined by CFT-Bjork and Roth-Jarabak methods both on quantity and force, and in some cases on a direction of correlations are established.