The Antioxidative Role of Natural Compounds from a Green Coconut Mesocarp Undeniably Contributes to Control Diabetic Complications as Evidenced by the Associated Genes and Biochemical Indexes

The purpose of this study was to look into the effects of green coconut mesocarp juice extract (CMJE) on diabetes-related problems in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetes, as well as the antioxidative functions of its natural compounds in regulating the associated genes and biochemical markers. CMJE’s antioxidative properties were evaluated by the standard antioxidant assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical, nitric oxide, and ferrous ions along with the total phenolic and flavonoids content. The α-amylase inhibitory effect was measured by an established method. The antidiabetic effect of CMJE was assayed by fructose-fed STZ-induced diabetic models in albino rats. The obtained results were verified by bioinformatics-based network pharmacological tools: STITCH, STRING, GSEA, and Cytoscape plugin cytoHubba bioinformatics tools. The results showed that GC-MS-characterized compounds from CMJE displayed a very promising antioxidative potential. In an animal model study, CMJE significantly ( P < 0.05 ) decreased blood glucose, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, uric acid, and lipid levels and increased glucose tolerance as well as glucose homeostasis (HOMA-IR and HOMA-b scores). The animal’s body weights and relative organ weights were found to be partially restored. Tissue architectures of the pancreas and the kidney were remarkably improved by low doses of CMJE. Compound-protein interactions showed that thymine, catechol, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural of CMJE interacted with 84 target proteins. Of the top 15 proteins found by Cytoscape 3.6.1, 8, CAT and OGG1 (downregulated) and CASP3, COMT, CYP1B1, DPYD, NQO1, and PTGS1 (upregulated), were dysregulated in diabetes-related kidney disease. The data demonstrate the highly prospective use of CMJE in the regulation of tubulointerstitial tissues of patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Evaluation of adsortive potential of coconut mesocarp in the removal of reactive red dye 195 in aqueous effluents

ABSTRACT The textile industry produces dye-rich effluents that when released in hydric bodies hamper the penetration of sunlight, impairing photosynthetic processes. Besides that, dyes have been indicated as potentially toxic substances. In general, the processes of removing of these contaminants have been much studied, with the technique of adsorption standing out for its high efficiency, in addition to operational advantages and the possibility of reuse agricultural waste as adsorbents, benefiting the environment and reducing costs. The present work had as objective to study the performance of coconut mesocarp utilized as adsorbent in the bleaching process of synthetic effluent containing 25 g.L-1 of reactive red 195 dye. The adsorbent were characterized by granulometry, thermogravimetric analysis and zero point charge. Kinetic and balance study was realized, applying kinetic models and adsorption isotherms. The adsorbent exhibited removal efficiency of 89.92 % in 120 min. The maximum adsorption capacity was 24.04 g.g-1 at 30 °C. The kinetic study showed that the data was better adjusted by an Elovich equation, indicating slow chemisorption. The thermodynamic study exhibited that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous for all the temperatures evaluated.