Multi-HAPS Network Implementation within 3GPP’s NTN framework for 5G and beyond

High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) is part of the 3GPP defined non-terrestrial network (NTN) infrastructure for 5G networks. Various technical studies by 3GPP have addressed NTN-based implementations and have significantly studied satellite-based scenarios. However, the study does not sufficiently address HAPS or multi-HAPS based scenarios specifically. Though HAPS, is captured under Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), it has unique operational realities that set it apart from other NTN platforms. For instance, HAPS come in different variants of fixed-wing, balloons and airships. This paper highlights the need for expanded studies specifically aimed at HAPS for more seamless integration. The work also analyses the Doppler effect associated with fixed-wing HAPS systems to further demonstrate how operational scenarios may differ for these platforms and the need for targeted studies. HAPS is expected to contribute significantly to the NTN-based implementations and may require more specialised considerations within the 3GPP NTN technical specification process, especially for 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) networks.

Link Budget Analysis for Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces in Aerial Platforms

In this paper, we derive the link budget relations for<br>communications assisted by reconfigurable smart surfaces (RSS).<br>Specifically, under specular and scattering paradigms, we provide<br>link budget expressions for an RSS-assisted communication on<br>the ground, where the RSS is either mounted on a building, or on<br>an aerial platform, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),<br>a high altitude platform station (HAPS), or a low-earth orbit<br>satellite (LEO). The obtained numerical results provide design<br>guidelines for RSS-assisted communication systems, including the<br>recommended aerial platform to use, the size of RSS for each<br>type of the platforms, and the operating frequencies. <br>

Link Budget Analysis for Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces in Aerial Platforms

In this paper, we derive the link budget relations for<br>communications assisted by reconfigurable smart surfaces (RSS).<br>Specifically, under specular and scattering paradigms, we provide<br>link budget expressions for an RSS-assisted communication on<br>the ground, where the RSS is either mounted on a building, or on<br>an aerial platform, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),<br>a high altitude platform station (HAPS), or a low-earth orbit<br>satellite (LEO). The obtained numerical results provide design<br>guidelines for RSS-assisted communication systems, including the<br>recommended aerial platform to use, the size of RSS for each<br>type of the platforms, and the operating frequencies. <br>