Social Dynamics Simulation Using a Multi-Layer Network

The analysis and evaluation of urban structure are important while considering sustainable urban policies. It is necessary to develop a method that can easily analyze the social dynamics that are the result of changes over time in urban transportation and land use. Therefore, by describing the relationships between various agents in urban areas as a network, it is possible to analyze them by focusing on their structures. However, since there are few existing studies on social dynamics using network-based methods, it is necessary to examine the validity and effectiveness of these methods. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of urban analysis and evaluation focusing on the network shape by describing the urban activities and modeling the dynamics with a multilayer network. In particular, we focus on household composition and individual facility access, examine what kind of interpretation is possible for network indicators, and mention the applicability of complex networks to urban analysis. The model was applied to a two-dimensional grid virtual city, and the household composition and individual facility accessibility were quantified using the centrality index.

Assessing Brazilian peripheral sprawl: an association of computer-aided tools to evaluate spatial changes at Vila Cabral neighborhood, Campina Grande

This article presents an analysis of the spatial transformations between the years 2005 and 2020 in the Vila Cabral neighborhood, at Campina Grande's periphery, a midsize Brazilian city located in the interior of the Paraíba state. This research aims to assess the neighborhood's growth objectively, verifying the proposed methodological association's efficiency to carry out this investigation. From a methodological perspective, this study uses a quanti-qualitative analysis of a homogeneous urban fabric sample. Two different analytical scenarios were built (2005 and 2020) to compare the results, and the following procedures were developed: (i) literature review, (ii) formal decomposition of a sample of the urban fabric; (iii) Angular Segment Analysis (ASA/Space Syntax); (vi) parametric analysis of the diversity of uses; and (v) parametric analysis of urban density (population and built). In the end, it was possible to objectively evaluate and understand the transformations that occurred in the time-lapse of the two scenarios. The discussions proposed by this research orbit the current urban growth model in Brazil and how objective indicators can assist in the diagnostic task. This investigation reinforced that the association of different urban analysis methodologies can strengthen the diagnostic processes, mainly because objective values help in project decision-making.

EVALUATING URBAN INTENSITY THROUGH A CITY INFORMATION MODEL – INTERMEDIATE RESULTS FROM AN ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT

Urban planning is a very complex task, especially considering the many challenges it faces, including an increasing need for housing in response to demographic growth and a need to limit abusive land artificialisation. As part of an interdisciplinary action-research project focused on experimenting with various uses of an existing City Information Model (CIM) for urban design, we are developing a new indicator to characterize urban intensity and a method to quantify it through the City Information Model (CIM) of a French eco-district. Our project is ongoing, and, in this paper, we present intermediate results on the potential of this CIM to support the automated quantification of our urban intensity indicator. We also describe the solutions currently implemented so that our experimental CIM can provide the necessary information for a more complete and automated urban intensity analysis. Finally, we shed light on key issues regarding the use of CIM, specifically CIM made up of various BIM models (of buildings lots and public spaces) for urban analysis at the district scale during the design phase. These issues include the need to generalize BIM entities and to manage property sets and nomenclatures to allow automation of analyses at the district scale, as long as there is no BIM+ data model allowing for urban analysis.

A Descriptive 3D City Information Model Built From Infrastructure BIM

This study developed a descriptive 3D city information model (CIM) using only infrastructural building modeling tools to create maps, and analyzed the model according to needs identified in interviews with public-sector actors and a bibliometric analysis. The interviews assessed the challenges of implementing CIM in the Brazilian city of Curitiba, while the literature study determined that current academic production reflects the current reality, calling attention to relevant issues. The experimental software solution successfully created 3D informational modeling of cities for passive use as well as maps to support decision making, although it did not offer advanced parametric tools for urban analysis. Still, this model provides a flexible approach to overcoming the challenges reported by interviewees, which included financial limitations and organizational culture.

A descriptive 3D city information model built from infrastructure BIM

This study developed a descriptive 3D city information model (CIM) using only infrastructural building modeling tools to create maps, and analyzed the model according to needs identified in interviews with public-sector actors and a bibliometric analysis. The interviews assessed the challenges of implementing CIM in the Brazilian city of Curitiba, while the literature study determined that current academic production reflects the current reality, calling attention to relevant issues. The experimental software solution successfully created 3D informational modeling of cities for passive use as well as maps to support decision making, although it did not offer advanced parametric tools for urban analysis. Still, this model provides a flexible approach to overcoming the challenges reported by interviewees, which included financial limitations and organizational culture.

ClockBoard: a zoning system for urban analysis

Zones are the building blocks of urban analysis. Fields ranging from demographics to transport planning routinely use zones — spatially contiguous areal units that break-up continuous space into discrete chunks — as the foundation for diverse analysis techniques. Key methods such as origin-destination analysis and choropleth mapping rely on zones with appropriate sizes, shapes and coverage. However, existing zoning systems are sub-optimal in many urban analysis contexts, for three main reasons: 1) available administrative zoning systems are often based on somewhat arbitrary factors; 2) evidence-based zoning systems are often highly variable in size and shape, reducing their utility for inter-city comparison; and 3) official zoning systems are non-existent, not publicly available, or are too coarse, hindering urban analysis in many places, especially in low income nations. To tackle these three key issues we developed a flexible, open and scalable solution: the ClockBoard zoning system. ClockBoard consists of 12 segments divided by concentric rings of increasing distance, creating a consistent visual frame of reference for cities that is reminiscent of a clock and a dartboard. This paper outlines the design, potential uses and merits of the ClockBoard zoning system and discusses future avenues for research and development of new zoning systems based on the experience.

Notícias de jornal como procedimento metodológico para análise episódica (1985, 1995 e 2009) de enchentes do rio Poti em Teresina – Piauí

R E S U M OO presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar, sob a utilização de notícias de jornal como procedimento metodológico, as enchentes do rio Poti na cidade de Teresina/Piauí, durante os episódios de 1985, 1995 e 2009. Metodologicamente, adotou-se: conhecimentos teóricos do Sistema Socioambiental Urbano; análise dos dados diários de chuva no período de 30 anos (1981 a 2010) manipulados pelo balanço hídrico climatológico; utilização de notícias de jornal (jornal O Dia e TV Cidade Verde); e, por fim, análise interpretativa. Dessa forma, em 1985 registrou-se o maior volume de precipitação naqueles últimos vinte anos, como expressa a capa do O Dia sobre a maior enchente dos últimos dez anos. No episódio de 1995, o Jornal O Dia destacou que após 20 dias consecutivos de chuvas o rio Poti ultrapassou em 6 metros a cota normal, em decorrência principalmente dos temporais à montante. Já no episódio de 2009, a imprensa local destacou que as chuvas são as maiores desde 2001 resultando no decreto de emergência na capital associado aos eventos pluviométricos intensos no período de janeiro a abril correspondendo a 87,7% do esperado para todo o ano. Destarte, o cruzamento de informações técnico-científicas e aquelas de notícias de jornal possibilitou compreender o processo de adensamento urbano, as dinâmicas das chuvas e como tal relação se comportou ao longo da faixa temporal, o que legitima uma série de construções e ressignificações da memória relacionando chuva, dinâmica do rio Poti e população ribeirinha.Palavras-chave: Chuva, Rio, Jornal, Episódio, Desastre, Teresina. Newspaper stories as a methodological procedure for episodic analysis (1985, 1995 and 2009) of the Poti river floods in Teresina – Piauí A B S T R A C TThis study aims to analyze, in the use of newspaper reports as a methodological procedure, the flooding of the river Poti in the city of Teresina / Piauí, during episodes of 1985, 1995 and 2009. In terms of methodology was adopted: theoretical knowledge System Social-Environmental Urban; analysis of daily rainfall data in the 30-year period (1981-2010) handled by the climatic water balance; use of newspaper reports (newspaper O Dia and TV Cidade Verde); and finally, interpretative analysis. Thus, in 1985 it was the one that registered the highest volume of rainfall in those last twenty years, as expressed the cover of O Dia of the greatest flood of the past ten years. In episode 1995 Jornal O Dia pointed out that, after 20 consecutive days of rain the Poti river exceeded 6 meters in the normal quota, mainly due to the time upstream. Already in the episode, 2009 local media pointed out that rainfall is the highest since 2001 resulting in the emergency decree in the capital associated with intense rainfall events in the period from January to April corresponding to 87.7% of the expected full-year. Thus, the intersection of technical and scientific information and those of newspaper news possible to understand the urban densification process, the dynamics of rainfall and how this relationship behaved along the temporal range, which legitimizes a number of buildings and reinterpretation of memory relating rain, dynamics and Poti river local population.Keywords: Rain, River, Newspaper, Episode, Disaster, Teresina.

Teaching Spatial Planning Using Elements of Design Thinking as an Example of Heuristic in Urban Planning

In modern urban analysis, line–nodal connections are often used as a model, diagram or matrix for describing space and its accompanying phenomena. In practice, the search for relationships in space is often nothing but the designation of lines reflecting their physical and nonphysical association by their geometry. Recording the spatial issues of a city constituting a very complex structure on the surface of paper, or on a computer monitor, is an extremely difficult conceptual task. At the heart of Design Thinking is a deep understanding of the relationship between different elements. It can therefore be concluded that heuristics are the basis for understanding the Design Thinking method. An attempt was made to check whether the Design Thinking method can restore the optimal balance between modern tools used to develop course projects, and the need to search for the best solution constituting the idea of the project. The article presents the results of two-year research on the use of the Design Thinking method in academic teaching of subjects related to the subject of spatial planning. Thanks to the use of the Design Thinking method in teaching spatial planning, it is often possible to discover design possibilities and proposals that surprise students.